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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: An important feature of the human immune system is the ability of T cells to respond to small quantities of antigen. Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells that expressed a costimulatory natural killer (NK) cell receptor for class I MHC proteins were cloned. In the presence of low doses of superantigen, the proliferative response of these T cell clones was three- to ninefold greater when the T cells were costimulated by way of the NK receptor. Thus, the action of costimulatory NK receptors on T cells may play a significant role in initiating and sustaining immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandelboim, O -- Davis, D M -- Reyburn, H T -- Vales-Gomez, M -- Sheu, E G -- Pazmany, L -- Strominger, J L -- CA 47554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jlstrom@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; HLA Antigens/immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/immunology ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology ; Superantigens/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1996-11-01
    Description: The outermost layer of the human placenta is devoid of classical class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and class II proteins (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP). Although this prevents recognition by maternal T lymphocytes, the lack of class I molecules leaves these cells susceptible to attack by natural killer (NK) cells. However, trophoblast cells directly in contact with the maternal tissues express the class I molecule HLA-G, which may be involved in protecting the trophoblast from recognition by NK cells. Here evidence is provided that expression of HLA-G is sufficient to protect otherwise susceptible target cells from lysis by activated NK1 and NK2 cell lines and clones that are specific for distinct groups of HLA-C alleles. The receptors on NK cells that recognize HLA-G are also identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pazmany, L -- Mandelboim, O -- Vales-Gomez, M -- Davis, D M -- Reyburn, H T -- Strominger, J L -- CA-47554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 1;274(5288):792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8864122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD56/analysis ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; HLA Antigens/genetics/*physiology ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics/physiology ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/physiology ; Receptors, KIR ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: A new technique for measuring the infrared spectra of solids has been developed. The photoacoustic spectra of hemin, hemoglobin, protoporphyrin IX, and horseradish peroxidase show how this technique can be used to obtain structural information about biological materials which cannot readily be studied by normal transmission infrared spectroscopy. The method requires milligram quantities of material and involves no sample preparation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockley, M G -- Davis, D M -- Richardson, H H -- 5R01GM25353-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):918-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fourier Analysis ; Hemin ; Hemoglobins ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; *Porphyrins ; Protoporphyrins ; Sound ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-08-08
    Description: We present the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function of galaxies from the GALEX Medium Imaging Survey with measured spectroscopic redshifts from the first data release of the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. Our sample consists of 39 996 NUV 〈 22.8 emission line galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 〈 z  〈 0.9. This sample selects galaxies with high star formation rates: at 0.6 〈 z  〈 0.9 the median star formation rate is at the upper 95th percentile of optically selected ( r  〈 22.5) galaxies and the sample contains about 50 per cent of all NUV 〈 22.8, 0.6 〈 z  〈 0.9 starburst galaxies within the volume sampled. The most luminous galaxies in our sample ( – 21.0 〉 M NUV 〉 –22.5) evolve very rapidly with a number density declining as (1 + z ) 5±1 from redshift z  = 0.9 to 0.6. These starburst galaxies ( M NUV 〈 –21 is approximately a star formation rate of 30 M yr –1 ) contribute about 1 per cent of cosmic star formation over the redshift range z  = 0.6–0.9. The star formation rate density of these very luminous galaxies evolves rapidly, as (1 + z ) 4±1 . Such a rapid evolution implies that the majority of star formation in these large galaxies must have occurred before z  = 0.9. We measure the UV luminosity function in z  = 0.05 redshift intervals spanning 0.1 〈 z  〈 0.9, and provide analytic fits to the results. Our measurements of the luminosity function over this redshift range probe further into the bright end (1–2 mag further) than previous measurements, e.g. Arnouts et al., Budavári et al. and Treyer et al., due to our much larger sample size and sampled volume. At all redshifts z  〉 0.55 we find that the bright end of the luminosity function is not well described by a pure Schechter function due to an excess of very luminous ( M NUV 〈 –22) galaxies. These luminosity functions can be used to create a radial selection function for the WiggleZ survey or test models of galaxy formation and evolution. Here we test the AGN feedback model in Scannapieco, Silk & Bouwens, and find that this AGN feedback model requires AGN feedback efficiency to vary with one or more of the following: stellar mass, star formation rate and redshift.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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