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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • Springer Nature  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (3)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1
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    PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection Nature 531, 7595 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17184 Authors: Mei T. Tran, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengeller, Anders H. Berg, Eliyahu V. Khankin, Manoj K. Bhasin, Wondong Kim, Clary B. Clish, Isaac E. Stillman, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Eugene P. Rhee & Samir M. Parikh The energetic burden of continuously concentrating solutes against gradients along the tubule may render the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3% of all hospitalized patients. Here we show that the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, PGC1α, is a pivotal determinant of renal recovery from injury by regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. Following renal ischaemia, Pgc1α−/− (also known as Ppargc1a−/−) mice develop local deficiency of the NAD precursor niacinamide (NAM, also known as nicotinamide), marked fat accumulation, and failure to re-establish normal function. Notably, exogenous NAM improves local NAD levels, fat accumulation, and renal function in post-ischaemic Pgc1α−/− mice. Inducible tubular transgenic mice (iNephPGC1α) recapitulate the effects of NAM supplementation, including more local NAD and less fat accumulation with better renal function after ischaemia. PGC1α coordinately upregulates the enzymes that synthesize NAD de novo from amino acids whereas PGC1α deficiency or AKI attenuates the de novo pathway. NAM enhances NAD via the enzyme NAMPT and augments production of the fat breakdown product β-hydroxybutyrate, leading to increased production of prostaglandin PGE2 (ref. 5), a secreted autacoid that maintains renal function. NAM treatment reverses established ischaemic AKI and also prevented AKI in an unrelated toxic model. Inhibition of β-hydroxybutyrate signalling or prostaglandin production similarly abolishes PGC1α-dependent renoprotection. Given the importance of mitochondrial health in ageing and the function of metabolically active organs, the results implicate NAM and NAD as key effectors for achieving PGC1α-dependent stress resistance.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Sequence-selective recognition of DNA by strand displacement with a thymine-substituted polyamide (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: A polyamide nucleic acid (PNA) was designed by detaching the deoxyribose phosphate backbone of DNA in a computer model and replacing it with an achiral polyamide backbone. On the basis of this model, oligomers consisting of thymine-linked aminoethylglycyl units were prepared. These oligomers recognize their complementary target in double-stranded DNA by strand displacement. The displacement is made possible by the extraordinarily high stability of the PNA-DNA hybrids. The results show that the backbone of DNA can be replaced by a polyamide, with the resulting oligomer retaining base-specific hybridization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nielsen, P E -- Egholm, M -- Berg, R H -- Buchardt, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry B, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Nylons/*chemistry ; Oligonucleotides/*chemistry ; Photochemistry ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Extensive arsenic contamination in high-pH unconfined aquifers in the Indus Valley (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-24
    Description: Arsenic-contaminated aquifers are currently estimated to affect ~150 million people around the world. However, the full extent of the problem remains elusive. This is also the case in Pakistan, where previous studies focused on isolated areas. Using a new data set of nearly 1200 groundwater quality samples throughout Pakistan, we have created state-of-the-art hazard and risk maps of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for thresholds of 10 and 50 μg/liter. Logistic regression analysis was used with 1000 iterations, where surface slope, geology, and soil parameters were major predictor variables. The hazard model indicates that much of the Indus Plain is likely to have elevated arsenic concentrations, although the rest of the country is mostly safe. Unlike other arsenic-contaminated areas of Asia, the arsenic release process in the arid Indus Plain appears to be dominated by elevated-pH dissolution, resulting from alkaline topsoil and extensive irrigation of unconfined aquifers, although pockets of reductive dissolution are also present. We estimate that approximately 50 million to 60 million people use groundwater within the area at risk, with hot spots around Lahore and Hyderabad. This number is alarmingly high and demonstrates the urgent need for verification and testing of all drinking water wells in the Indus Plain, followed by appropriate mitigation measures.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cross-ethnic meta-analysis identifies association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2017)
    Beben Benyamin; Ji He; Qiongyi Zhao; Jacob Gratten; Fleur Garton; Paul J. Leo; Zhijun Liu; Marie Mangelsdorf; Ammar Al-Chalabi; Lisa Anderson; Timothy J. Butler; Lu Chen; Xiang-Ding Chen; Katie Cremin; Hong-Weng Deng; Matthew Devine; Janette Edson; Jennifer A. Fifita; Sarah Furlong; Ying-Ying Han; Jessica Harris; Anjali K. Henders; Rosalind L. Jeffree; Zi-Bing Jin; Zhongshan Li; Ting Li; Mengmeng Li; Yong Lin; Xiaolu Liu; Mhairi Marshall; Emily P. McCann; Bryan J. Mowry; Shyuan T. Ngo; Roger Pamphlett; Shu Ran; David C. Reutens; Dominic B. Rowe; Perminder Sachdev; Sonia Shah; Sharon Song; Li-Jun Tan; Lu Tang; Leonard H. Berg; Wouter Rheenen; Jan H. Veldink; Robyn H. Wallace; Lawrie Wheeler; Kelly L. Williams; Jinyu Wu; Xin Wu; Jian Yang; Weihua Yue; Zong-Hong Zhang; Dai Zhang; Peter G. Noakes; Ian P. Blair; Robert D. Henderson; Pamela A. McCombe; Peter M. Visscher; Huji Xu; Perry F. Bartlett; Matthew A. Brown; Naomi R. Wray; Dongsheng Fan
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-21
    Description: Cross-ethnic meta-analysis identifies association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nature Communications, Published online: 20 September 2017; doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00471-1 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease. Here, Wray and colleagues identify association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with ALS using cross-ethnic meta-analyses.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Lateral isotopic discontinuity in the lower crust: an example from antarctica (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-04
    Description: The lower continental crust is one of the least known variables in the crust-mantle evolutionary equation. In order to study the nature and compositional heterogeneity of the lower crust, more than 20 inclusions of lower crustal granulites in volcanic rocks from the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica were analyzed for strontium and oxygen isotopes. These inclusions were erupted from volcanic centers covering an area of 12,000 square kilometers. Along with results from analyses of major and trace elements, the isotopic data reveal a profound discontinuity in the composition and probably the age of the lower crust that coincides with the boundary between the Transantarctic Mountains and the Ross Embayment. Although this topographic boundary between East and West Antarctica is largely a Cenozoic development, which apparently reflects a simple subvertical faulting relationship due to crustal rifting, the isotopic differences in the lower crust across the boundary suggest that the current faulting and rifting may coincide with an older crustal suture, the age of which is uncertain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalamarides, R I -- Berg, J H -- Hank, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 4;237(4819):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Hunger on Olfactory Acuity (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are conflicting opinions on whether olfactory acuity is a reliable, reproducible index of appetite, hunger, or satiety. According to Goetzl2, freely selected meals, as well as administration of sucrose solutions, were preceded by increased olfactory acuity and followed by decreased acuity. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197108a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-Polarography with a Flash-Lamp (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1270-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PHOTO-POLAROGRAPHY, originating from the synthesis of photo-chemistry and polarography, records photokinetic-currents caused by photo-depolarizers, as well as their dark reactions. Photo-depolarizers in a restricted sense can be defined as follows. They originate from a photo-reaction, for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1911270a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transducing proteins: Chemotaxis gene unveiled (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 200-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENT work on chemotaxis in bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi-murium) has focused on transducers, a set of membrane proteins that process information about changes in concentration of various sugars and amino acids. Cells lacking any one of these proteins are defective in taxis for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321200a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Startup of an industrial adiabatic tubular reactor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1871-1880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behaviour of an adiabatic tubular plant reactor during the startup is demonstrated, together with the impact of a feed-pump failure of one of the reactants. A dynamic model of the reactor system is presented, and the system response is calculated as a function of experimentally-determined, time-dependent, manipulated variables. The values of model parameters are estimated by using the SimuSolv (1991) computer program. The data set collected during the reactor start-up is used for the parameter estimation procedure. An excellent agreement is obtained between the experimental and the calculated system response. Many continuously-operated commercial reactors require a complete conversion of one of the main reactants at the reactor exit. It is shown that for an industrial tubular reactor a much higher initial reactor temperature is required during the startup, compared to the reactor inlet temperature during normal steady-state operation, to ensure a complete reactant conversion. Much more research is necessary to determine whether this is a generally valid rule.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactor operating procedures for startup of continuously-operated chemical plants (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 148-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rules are presented for the startup of an adiabatic tubular reactor, based on a qualitative analysis of the dynamic behavior of continuously-operated vapor- and liquid-phase processes. The relationships between the process dynamics, operating criteria, and operating constraints are investigated, since a reactor startup cannot be isolated from an entire plant startup. Composition control of the process material is critical to speed up plant startup operations and to minimize the amount of offgrade materials. The initial reactor conditions are normally critical for a successful startup. For process conditioning, a plant should have an operating mode at which the reactor can be included in a recycle loop together with its feed system and downstream process section. Experimental data of an adiabatic tubular reactor startup and thermal runaway demonstrate some operational problems when such an intermediate operating stage is missing. The derived rules are applied to an industrial, highly heat-integrated reactor section, and the resulting startup strategy is summarized in an elementary-step diagram.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410114
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