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  • 1
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    Age and T-cell repertoire [Immunology and Inflammation] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity, a prerequisite for immune system recognition of the universe of foreign antigens, is generated in the first two decades of life in the thymus and then persists to an unknown extent through life via homeostatic proliferation of naïve T cells. We have used next-generation sequencing and...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Optical atomic coherence at the 1-second time scale (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Highest-resolution laser spectroscopy has generally been limited to single trapped ion systems because of the rapid decoherence that plagues neutral atom ensembles. Precision spectroscopy of ultracold neutral atoms confined in a trapping potential now shows superior optical coherence without any deleterious effects from motional degrees of freedom, revealing optical resonance linewidths at the hertz level with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The resonance quality factor of 2.4 x 10(14) is the highest ever recovered in any form of coherent spectroscopy. The spectral resolution permits direct observation of the breaking of nuclear spin degeneracy for the 1S0 and 3P0 optical clock states of 87Sr under a small magnetic bias field. This optical approach for excitation of nuclear spin states allows an accurate measurement of the differential Lande g factor between 1S0 and 3P0. The optical atomic coherence demonstrated for collective excitation of a large number of atoms will have a strong impact on quantum measurement and precision frequency metrology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyd, Martin M -- Zelevinsky, Tanya -- Ludlow, Andrew D -- Foreman, Seth M -- Blatt, Sebastian -- Ido, Tetsuya -- Ye, Jun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Imaging the Mott insulator shells by using atomic clock shifts (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Microwave spectroscopy was used to probe the superfluid-Mott insulator transition of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a three-dimensional optical lattice. By using density-dependent transition frequency shifts, we were able to spectroscopically distinguish sites with different occupation numbers and to directly image sites with occupation numbers from one to five, revealing the shell structure of the Mott insulator phase. We used this spectroscopy to determine the onsite interaction and lifetime for individual shells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Gretchen K -- Mun, Jongchul -- Boyd, Micah -- Medley, Patrick -- Leanhardt, Aaron E -- Marcassa, Luis G -- Pritchard, David E -- Ketterle, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):649-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. gcampbel@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Sr lattice clock at 1 x 10(-16) fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Optical atomic clocks promise timekeeping at the highest precision and accuracy, owing to their high operating frequencies. Rigorous evaluations of these clocks require direct comparisons between them. We have realized a high-performance remote comparison of optical clocks over kilometer-scale urban distances, a key step for development, dissemination, and application of these optical standards. Through this remote comparison and a proper design of lattice-confined neutral atoms for clock operation, we evaluate the uncertainty of a strontium (Sr) optical lattice clock at the 1 x 10(-16) fractional level, surpassing the current best evaluations of cesium (Cs) primary standards. We also report on the observation of density-dependent effects in the spin-polarized fermionic sample and discuss the current limiting effect of blackbody radiation-induced frequency shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ludlow, A D -- Zelevinsky, T -- Campbell, G K -- Blatt, S -- Boyd, M M -- de Miranda, M H G -- Martin, M J -- Thomsen, J W -- Foreman, S M -- Ye, Jun -- Fortier, T M -- Stalnaker, J E -- Diddams, S A -- Le Coq, Y -- Barber, Z W -- Poli, N -- Lemke, N D -- Beck, K M -- Oates, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1805-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1153341. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Freshwater outburst from Lake Superior as a trigger for the cold event 9300 years ago (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Paleoclimate proxy records reveal a pervasive cooling event with a Northern Hemispheric extent approximately 9300 years ago. Coeval changes in the oceanic circulation of the North Atlantic imply freshwater forcing. However, the source, magnitude, and routing of meltwater have remained unknown. Located in central North America, Lake Superior is a key site for regulating the outflow of glacial meltwater to the oceans. Here, we show evidence for an approximately 45-meter rapid lake-level fall in this basin, centered on 9300 calibrated years before the present, due to the failure of a glacial drift dam on the southeast corner of the lake. We ascribe the widespread climate anomaly approximately 9300 years ago to this freshwater outburst delivered to the North Atlantic Ocean through the Lake Huron-North Bay-Ottawa River-St. Lawrence River valleys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Shi-Yong -- Colman, Steven M -- Lowell, Thomas V -- Milne, Glenn A -- Fisher, Timothy G -- Breckenridge, Andy -- Boyd, Matthew -- Teller, James T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1187860. Epub 2010 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA. syu2@tulane.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20430972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The onset of matter-wave amplification in a superradiant Bose-Einstein condensate (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: The interaction of short and strong laser pulses with an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is found to generate patterns of recoiling atoms that are different from those seen in previous light-scattering experiments. This phenomenon can only be explained by optical stimulation, showing that the previous description of superradiance as atomic stimulation is incomplete and that matter-wave amplification in Bose-Einstein condensates is suppressed at short times. Our experiments clarify the nature of bosonic stimulation in the four-wave mixing of light and atoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneble, Dominik -- Torii, Yoshio -- Boyd, Micah -- Streed, Erik W -- Pritchard, David E -- Ketterle, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):475-8. Epub 2003 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. schneble@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Partial connectivity promotes cultural evolution [Anthropology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-16
    Description: Complex technologies used in most human societies are beyond the inventive capacities of individuals. Instead, they result from a cumulative process in which innovations are gradually added to existing cultural traits across many generations. Recent work suggests that a population’s ability to develop complex technologies is positively affected by its...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Probing interactions between ultracold fermions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: At ultracold temperatures, the Pauli exclusion principle suppresses collisions between identical fermions. This has motivated the development of atomic clocks with fermionic isotopes. However, by probing an optical clock transition with thousands of lattice-confined, ultracold fermionic strontium atoms, we observed density-dependent collisional frequency shifts. These collision effects were measured systematically and are supported by a theoretical description attributing them to inhomogeneities in the probe excitation process that render the atoms distinguishable. This work also yields insights for zeroing the clock density shift.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, G K -- Boyd, M M -- Thomsen, J W -- Martin, M J -- Blatt, S -- Swallows, M D -- Nicholson, T L -- Fortier, T -- Oates, C W -- Diddams, S A -- Lemke, N D -- Naidon, P -- Julienne, P -- Ye, Jun -- Ludlow, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):360-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1169724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Toward pesticidovigilance (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-22
    Keywords: Ecology, Science and Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Marine zoogeography: a comparative atlas of zooplankton (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyd, C M -- Wilson, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):614-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17729844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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