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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (117)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: The Neruokpuk Formation is a Neoproterozoic and Cambrian turbiditic succession in northwesternmost Yukon (Canada) and northeastern Alaska (USA), part of a latest Proterozoic to Early Devonian slope and basin succession that is correlated in detail with strata in Selwyn Basin of the northern Canadian Cordillera. It includes quartz-lithic sandstone, locally containing altered detrital feldspar and muscovite indicating that a metamorphic source contributed detritus to the unit. The muscovite yields disturbed Ar-Ar spectra suggesting ages of 1800–1900 Ma. Detrital zircon distributions are dominated by 1800–2000 Ma grains with subsidiary populations of 1000–1600 Ma, 2300–2500 Ma and 2600–2800 Ma grains, consistent with a hybrid provenance dominated by a Laurentian cratonic source. Additional populations are derived from recycled Mackenzie Mountains and possibly Wernecke Supergroups. Integrating the geochronology with the regional stratigraphic setting, structural history, and geochemistry leads to the conclusion that the Neruokpuk Formation was deposited near its present location as part of the autochthonous northwest Laurentian continental margin. Therefore, the eastern part of Arctic Alaska, underlain by the Neruokpuk Formation, has a history that is distinct from the allochthonous western part(s) of the Arctic Alaska terrane. However, the rest of Arctic Alaska is structurally and stratigraphically linked to the eastern part by Late Devonian time.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: We illustrate the potential for using physics-based modeling to link alluvial stratigraphy to large river morphology and dynamics. Model simulations, validated using ground penetrating radar data from the Río Paraná, Argentina, demonstrate a strong relationship between bar-scale set thickness and channel depth, which applies across a wide range of river patterns and bar types. We show that hydrologic regime, indexed by discharge variability and flood duration, exerts a first-order influence on morphodynamics and hence bar set thickness, and that planform morphology alone may be a misleading variable for interpreting deposits. Indeed, our results illustrate that rivers evolving under contrasting hydrologic regimes may have very similar morphology, yet be characterized by marked differences in stratigraphy. This realization represents an important limitation on the application of established theory that links river topography to alluvial deposits, and highlights the need to obtain field evidence of discharge variability when developing paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Model simulations demonstrate the potential for deriving such evidence using metrics of paleocurrent variance.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Between 2003 and 2013, drought, large wildfires, and record-breaking rainfall contributed to debris flows in southeast Australia that appear to be unprecedented in spatial extent and density in historical records. Here, we used a debris-flow inventory from this period of dry and wet extremes to examine the processes and climatic controls underlying the regionwide debris-flow response. Results reveal shallow landslides and surface runoff as two distinct initiation mechanisms, linked to different geologic settings and contrasting hydroclimatic conditions. Landslide-generated debris flows occurred in sandy soils, independent of past fires, and were tightly controlled by extreme rainfall causing saturation and mass failure during La Niña periods. In contrast, runoff-generated debris flows occurred in clay-rich soils from short and intense rainstorms after wildfires in dry conditions, often associated with El Niño. Thus, it appears that both ends of the wet and dry climate extremes produce the same general geomorphic response, debris flows, but in different areas and by different initiation processes. Debris-flow activity is therefore at a maximum when amplitude and frequency of climate oscillations are large. Debris flows in southeast Australia are likely to become more frequent and widespread as wildfire activity and rainfall intensity are predicted to increase.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: Antithrombin, a member of the serpin family, functions as an inhibitor of thrombin and other enzymes. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal loop of antithrombin induces a conformational change in the molecule. Here it is shown that the cleaved conformation of antithrombin has potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in mouse models. The latent form of intact antithrombin, which is similar in conformation to the cleaved molecule, also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. These data provide further evidence that the clotting and fibrinolytic pathways are directly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Reilly, M S -- Pirie-Shepherd, S -- Lane, W S -- Folkman, J -- P01-CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA64481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Cellular Biology, Harvard Microchemistry Facility, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. oreilly@hub.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Antithrombins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood supply/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: Cocaine regulates the transcription factor CREB (adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate response element binding protein) in rat nucleus accumbens, a brain region that is important for addiction. Overexpression of CREB in this region decreases the rewarding effects of cocaine and makes low doses of the drug aversive. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant CREB increases the rewarding effects of cocaine. Altered transcription of dynorphin likely contributes to these effects: Its expression is increased by overexpression of CREB and decreased by overexpression of mutant CREB. Moreover, blockade of kappa opioid receptors (on which dynorphin acts) antagonizes the negative effect of CREB on cocaine reward. These results identify an intracellular cascade-culminating in gene expression-through which exposure to cocaine modifies subsequent responsiveness to the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlezon, W A Jr -- Thome, J -- Olson, V G -- Lane-Ladd, S B -- Brodkin, E S -- Hiroi, N -- Duman, R S -- Neve, R L -- Nestler, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2272-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dynorphins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Reward ; Simplexvirus/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: Transcription of naked DNA in vitro requires the general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. However, this minimal set of factors is not sufficient for transcription when the DNA template is packaged into chromatin. Here, a factor that facilitates activator-dependent transcription initiation on chromatin templates was purified. This factor, remodeling and spacing factor (RSF), has adenosine triphosphate-dependent nucleosome-remodeling and spacing activities. Polymerases that initiate transcription with RSF can only extend their transcripts in the presence of FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription). Thus, the minimal factor requirements for activator-dependent transcription on chromatin templates in vitro have been defined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeRoy, G -- Orphanides, G -- Lane, W S -- Reinberg, D -- GM-37120/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1900-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Nucleic Acid Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin/*genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: Thermoelectric (Peltier) heat pumps are capable of refrigerating solid or fluid objects, and unlike conventional vapor compressor systems, they can be miniaturized without loss of efficiency. More efficient thermoelectric materials need to be identified, especially for low-temperature applications in electronics and devices. The material CsBi(4)Te(6) has been synthesized and its properties have been studied. When doped appropriately, it exhibits a high thermoelectric figure of merit below room temperature (ZT(max) approximately 0.8 at 225 kelvin). At cryogenic temperatures, the thermoelectric properties of CsBi(4)Te(6) appear to match or exceed those of Bi(2-x)Sb(x)Te(3-y)Se(y) alloys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung -- Hogan -- Brazis -- Rocci-Lane -- Kannewurf -- Bastea -- Uher -- Kanatzidis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1024-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Materials Science and Mechanics, Michigan State University, East Lan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2000-09-30
    Description: The open data release policy adopted by the large-scale DNA sequencing centers has made accessible valuable information that facilitates research. Herein, we argue that the data producers' rights to receive credit for at least some portion of the analyses of the data must be protected. We suggest that this protection take the form of a specification of the probable content of the primary paper the data producers intend to publish when the data gathering is complete. Rights to publish that paper ought then be restricted to the producers unless they give permission otherwise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowen, L -- Wong, G K -- Lane, R P -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11012360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Databases, Factual ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Information Services ; *Intellectual Property ; Mice ; *Publishing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-03-04
    Description: Models describing the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time are constrained by the mass balances required between the inputs and outputs of carbon and sulfur to the oceans. This constraint has limited the applicability of proposed negative feedback mechanisms for maintaining levels of atmospheric O(2) at biologically permissable levels. Here we describe a modeling approach that incorporates O(2)-dependent carbon and sulfur isotope fractionation using data obtained from laboratory experiments on carbon-13 discrimination by vascular land plants and marine plankton. The model allows us to calculate a Phanerozoic O(2) history that agrees with independent models and with biological and physical constraints and supports the hypothesis of a high atmospheric O(2) content during the Carboniferous (300 million years ago), a time when insect gigantism was widespread.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berner -- Petsch -- Lake -- Beerling -- Popp -- Lane -- Laws -- Westley -- Cassar -- Woodward -- Quick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 3;287(5458):1630-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technolo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10698733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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