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  • 1
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    Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Light synchronizes mammalian circadian rhythms with environmental time by modulating retinal input to the circadian pacemaker-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Such photic entrainment requires neither rods nor cones, the only known retinal photoreceptors. Here, we show that retinal ganglion cells innervating the SCN are intrinsically photosensitive. Unlike other ganglion cells, they depolarized in response to light even when all synaptic input from rods and cones was blocked. The sensitivity, spectral tuning, and slow kinetics of this light response matched those of the photic entrainment mechanism, suggesting that these ganglion cells may be the primary photoreceptors for this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berson, David M -- Dunn, Felice A -- Takao, Motoharu -- EY12793/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912 USA. David_Berson@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Isoquinolines ; Kinetics ; Light ; *Light Signal Transduction ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/chemistry/cytology/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: The primary circadian pacemaker, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian brain, is photoentrained by light signals from the eyes through the retinohypothalamic tract. Retinal rod and cone cells are not required for photoentrainment. Recent evidence suggests that the entraining photoreceptors are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to the SCN. The visual pigment for this photoreceptor may be melanopsin, an opsin-like protein whose coding messenger RNA is found in a subset of mammalian RGCs. By cloning rat melanopsin and generating specific antibodies, we show that melanopsin is present in cell bodies, dendrites, and proximal axonal segments of a subset of rat RGCs. In mice heterozygous for tau-lacZ targeted to the melanopsin gene locus, beta-galactosidase-positive RGC axons projected to the SCN and other brain nuclei involved in circadian photoentrainment or the pupillary light reflex. Rat RGCs that exhibited intrinsic photosensitivity invariably expressed melanopsin. Hence, melanopsin is most likely the visual pigment of phototransducing RGCs that set the circadian clock and initiate other non-image-forming visual functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885915/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885915/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hattar, S -- Liao, H W -- Takao, M -- Berson, D M -- Yau, K W -- R37 EY006837/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-13/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-15/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-15S1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1065-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/chemistry ; *Biological Clocks ; Brain/*cytology ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dendrites/chemistry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Lac Operon ; *Light ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Optic Nerve/cytology ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*chemistry/physiology ; Rod Opsins/*analysis/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology ; Visual Pathways/cytology ; beta-Galactosidase/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Transition to addiction is associated with a persistent impairment in synaptic plasticity (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Chronic exposure to drugs of abuse induces countless modifications in brain physiology. However, the neurobiological adaptations specifically associated with the transition to addiction are unknown. Cocaine self-administration rapidly suppresses long-term depression (LTD), an important form of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. Using a rat model of addiction, we found that animals that progressively develop the behavioral hallmarks of addiction have permanently impaired LTD, whereas LTD is progressively recovered in nonaddicted rats maintaining a controlled drug intake. By making drug seeking consistently resistant to modulation by environmental contingencies and consequently more and more inflexible, a persistently impaired LTD could mediate the transition to addiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasanetz, Fernando -- Deroche-Gamonet, Veronique -- Berson, Nadege -- Balado, Eric -- Lafourcade, Mathieu -- Manzoni, Olivier -- Piazza, Pier Vincenzo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1709-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1187801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U862, NeuroCentre Magendie, 147 Rue Leo Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine/administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; *Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Self Administration ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: In the mammalian retina, a small subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are intrinsically photosensitive, express the opsin-like protein melanopsin, and project to brain nuclei involved in non-image-forming visual functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadian photoentrainment. We report that in mice with the melanopsin gene ablated, RGCs retrograde-labeled from the suprachiasmatic nuclei were no longer intrinsically photosensitive, although their number, morphology, and projections were unchanged. These animals showed a pupillary light reflex indistinguishable from that of the wild type at low irradiances, but at high irradiances the reflex was incomplete, a pattern that suggests that the melanopsin-associated system and the classical rod/cone system are complementary in function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lucas, R J -- Hattar, S -- Takao, M -- Berson, D M -- Foster, R G -- Yau, K-W -- R01 EY006837/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY006837-16A1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014596/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014596-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-13/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-15/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY006837-15S1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, St. Dunstans Road, London W6 8RF, UK. r.j.lucas@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Ocular ; Animals ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Darkness ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Olivary Nucleus/cytology/physiology ; Phenotype ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/physiology ; Pupil/drug effects/*physiology ; *Reflex, Pupillary ; Retinal Degeneration/genetics/physiopathology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/*genetics/*physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Digenic retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations at the unlinked peripherin/RDS and ROM1 loci (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-10
    Description: In spite of recent advances in identifying genes causing monogenic human disease, very little is known about the genes involved in polygenic disease. Three families were identified with mutations in the unlinked photoreceptor-specific genes ROM1 and peripherin/RDS, in which only double heterozygotes develop retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These findings indicate that the allelic and nonallelic heterogeneity known to be a feature of monogenic RP is complicated further by interactions between unlinked mutations causing digenic RP. Recognition of the inheritance pattern exemplified by these three families might facilitate the identification of other examples of digenic inheritance in human disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kajiwara, K -- Berson, E L -- Dryja, T P -- EY00169/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY08683/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 10;264(5165):1604-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8202715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Electroretinography ; Eye Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Pedigree ; Peripherins ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/chemistry ; Tetraspanins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Diradicals: conceptual, inferential, and direct methods for the study of chemical reactions (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1338-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Rod-cone interaction in the distal human retina (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: During the rod-isolated phase of dark adaption, b-wave implicit time of the human cone electroretinogram increased exponentially with a time constant corresponding to that for the regeneration of rhodopsin. In the presence of different photopically equated short-wave backgrounds, cone b-wave implicit time varied inversely with the scotopic brightness of the background. Taking into account the origin of the b wave, these measurements support the idea of a rod effect on cone function in the distal human retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandberg, M A -- Berson, E L -- Effron, M -- EY00169/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):829-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electroretinography ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retina/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Computer Methods in Electrocardiography (1975)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0084-6589
    Electronic ISSN: 2327-9885
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 9
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    Thermal Rearrangements (1977)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-426X
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-1593
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Methods in Electrocardiography (1975)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 4 (1975), S. 15-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bb.04.060175.000311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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