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  • 1
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    Middle infrared thermal maps of venus at the time of the galileo encounter (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: Images of the disk of Venus, taken at wavelengths between 8 and 22 micrometers, were obtained a few days after the Galileo spacecraft's closest approach on 8 February 1990; these images show variations in the thickness of the main H(2)SO(4) cloud deck and the overlying temperature structure. Several features are qualitatively similar to those of earlier observations, such as a hot region at the south pole, surrounded by a cold ;;collar,'' and brightening toward the lower latitudes, where low-contrast banding appears. The collar does have a northern counterpart that is warmer, however. Equatorial limb darkening is quantitatively similar to that of previous observations; fairly constant at wavelengths up to 20 micrometers, where limb darkening increases substantially. In contrast to what was found in previous observations, polar and equatorial limb darkening are nearly the same at most wavelengths. A longitudinal variation is observable that is consistent with a wavenumber-2 behavior and a brightness maximum near local midnight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Caldwell, J -- Friedson, A J -- Martin, T Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1536-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hubble space telescope imaging of the north polar aurora on jupiter (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The first direct images of the Jovian aurora at ultraviolet wavelengths were obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera near the time of the Ulysses spacecraft encounter with Jupiter on 8 February 1992. The auroral oval is not uniformly luminous. It exhibits a brightness minimum in the vicinity of longitude 180 degrees . In the few images available, the brightest part of the oval occurs in late afternoon Jovian time. The observed oval is not concentric with calculated ovals in the O(6) model of Connerney. The size of the oval is consistent with auroral particles on field lines with magnetic L parameter 〉8, indicating significant migration from lo, its torus, or both, if these are their origins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caldwell, J -- Turgeon, B -- Hua, X M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1512-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Thermal maps of jupiter: spatial organization and time dependence of stratospheric temperatures, 1980 to 1990 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: The spatial organization and time dependence of Jupiter's stratospheric temperatures have been measured by observing thermal emission from the 7.8-micrometer CH(4) band. These temperatures, observed through the greater part of a Jovian year, exhibit the influence of seasonal radiative forcing. Distinct bands of high temperature are located at the poles and mid-latitudes, while the equator alternates between warm and cold with a period of approximately 4 years. Substantial longitudinal variability is often observed within the warm mid-latitude bands, and occasionally elsewhere on the planet. This variability includes small, localized structures, as well as large-scale waves with wavelengths longer than approximately 30,000 kilometers. The amplitudes of the waves vary on a time scale of approximately 1 month; structures on a smaller scale may have lifetimes of only days. Waves observed in 1985, 1987, and 1988 propagated with group velocities less than +/-30 meters per second.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Friedson, A J -- Baines, K H -- Martin, T Z -- West, R A -- Caldwell, J -- Hammel, H B -- Bergstralh, J T -- Malcom, M E -- Golisch, W F -- Griep, D M -- Kaminski, C D -- Tokunaga, A T -- Baron, R -- Shure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):537-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17838486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Declining amphibian populations: the problem of separating human impacts from natural fluctuations (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: Reports of declining amphibian populations in many parts of the world are numerous, but supporting long-term census data are generally unavailable. Census data from 1979 to 1990 for three salamander species and one frog species at a breeding pond in South Carolina showed fluctuations of substantial magnitude in both the size of breeding populations and in recruitment of juveniles. Breeding population sizes exhibited no overall trend in three species and increased in the fourth. Recent droughts account satisfactorily for an increase in recruitment failures. These data illustrate that to distinguish between natural population fluctuations and declines with anthropogenic causes may require long-term studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pechmann, J H -- Scott, D E -- Semlitsch, R D -- Caldwell, J P -- Vitt, L J -- Gibbons, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):892-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17751826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Spatial Organization and Time Dependence of Jupiter's Tropospheric Temperatures, 1980-1993 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: The spatial organization and time dependence of Jupiter's temperatures near 250-millibar pressure were measured through a jovian year by imaging thermal emission at 18 micrometers. The temperature field is influenced by seasonal radiative forcing, and its banded organization is closely correlated with the visible cloud field. Evidence was found for a quasi-periodic oscillation of temperatures in the Equatorial Zone, a correlation between tropospheric and stratospheric waves in the North Equatorial Belt, and slowly moving thermal features in the North and South Equatorial Belts. There appears to be no common relation between temporal changes of temperature and changes in the visual albedo of the various axisymmetric bands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Friedson, A J -- Yanamandra-Fisher, P A -- Caldwell, J -- Hammel, H B -- Baines, K H -- Bergstralh, J T -- Martin, T Z -- West, R A -- Veeder, G J Jr -- Lynch, D K -- Russell, R -- Malcom, M E -- Golisch, W F -- Griep, D M -- Kaminski, C D -- Tokunaga, A T -- Herbst, T -- Shure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):625-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The Drift of Saturn's North Polar Spot Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-16
    Description: Polar projections of 50 images of Saturn at 889 nanometers and 25 images at 718 nanometers taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in November 1990, as well as 3 images at each wavelength taken in June 1991, have been examined. Among them, 31 show the north polar spot, which is associated with Saturn's polar hexagon, in locations suitable for measurement. In each image, planetocentric coordinates of the polar spot were determined, and the movement of the spot with respect to Saturn's system III rotation rate was studied. During the period of observation, the polar spot had first a short-term westward movement and then a long-term eastward drift. The rate of the long-term drift was -0.060 +/- 0.008 degrees per day with respect to system III, approximately 50 percent greater than previously determined from Voyager. The original 1980 and 1981 Voyager data were combined with the new Hubble images to form an 11-year base line. The eastward drift over the longer period was -0.0569 degrees per day. The long-term drift could be due to uncertainty in the standard value of the internal rotation period, which is 810.7939 +/- 0.148 degrees per 24-hour day. The short-term movement in November 1990 has a rate that is greater in magnitude but opposite in sign and probably represents a real, transient motion of the spot relative to the internal rotation system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caldwell, J -- Turgeon, B -- Hua, X M -- Barnet, C D -- Westphal, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 16;260(5106):326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17838248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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