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  • 1
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    Assessment of the radio 3H-CH4 tracer technique to measure aerobic methane oxidation in the water column (2015)
    AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, 13(6), pp. 312-327, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Microbial methane oxidation rates in ocean and freshwater systems reveal how much of emitted methane from the sediments is oxidized to CO2 and how much can reach the atmosphere directly. The tracer-method using 3H-CH4 provides a way to measure MOX-rates even in water with low methane concentrations without needing any specific instrumentation. We assessed this method by implementing several experiments, collecting data from various environments, and including recent literature concerning the method to identify any uncertainties that should be considered. Our assessment reveals some difficulties of the method but also reassures previous assumptions to be correct. Some of the difficulties are hardly to be avoided, such as incubating all samples at the right in-situ temperature or limiting the variability of MOX-rate measurements in water of low methanotrophic activity. Other details, e.g. quickly measuring the total radioactivity after stopping the incubation, are easy to adapt in each laboratory. And yet other details as shaking during incubation and bottle size seem to be irrelevant. With our study we hope to improve and to encourage future measurements of MOX-rates in different environments and to provide a standard procedure of MOX measurements to make data of MOX better comparable.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Widespread methane seepage along the continental margin off Svalbard - from Bjørnøya to Kongsfjorden (2017)
    Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature, 7(42997), pp. 1-13, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: Numerous articles have recently reported on gas seepage offshore Svalbard, because of gas emission that may be due to gas hydrate dissociation, possibly triggered by anthropogenic ocean warming. Here we report on findings for a much broader extent of seepage in water depths at and shallower than the gas hydrate stability zone. More than a thousand gas seepage sites imaged as acoustic flares generate a hundreds of kilometer-long plume. Most flares were detected in the vicinity of the Hornsund Fracture Zone. We postulate that the gas ascends from depth along the fracture zone; its discharge is focused on bathymetric highs and is constrained by glaciomarine and Holocene sediments in the troughs. A fraction of this dissolved methane (~1.8%) was oxidized whereas a minor but measureable fraction (0.05%) was transferred into the atmosphere in August 2015. The large scale seepage reported here is not linked to anthropogenic warming.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Kelp deposition changes mineralization pathways and microbial communities in a sandy beach (2020)
    AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-07
    Description: We investigated the impact of kelp deposition on the geochemistry and microbial community composition of beach sands on the island of Helgoland (North Sea). The composition of the microbial community at a beach with regular kelp deposition appeared shaped by this regular input of organic material, as indicated by significantly higher proportions of aerobic degraders, fermenters, and sulfur cycling microorganisms. Rapid degradation of deposited kelp by this community leads to high levels of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and nutrients, a lower pH and anoxia. Aerobic respiration, fermentation, Fe- and SO42- reduction and methanogenesis were strongly enhanced, with SO42- reduction being the main process in kelp degradation. SO42- reduction rates increased 20 to 25-fold upon addition of kelp. The main route of electrons from kelp to SO42- was not via CO and H2, as expected, but via organic fermentation products. O2 supply by the tides was not sufficient and reduced intermediates escaped from the sediment with tidal water retraction. The resulting extremely high levels of free sulfide (〉10 mmol L-1) lead to abundant filamentous growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria largely composed of a rare O2-adapted Sulfurovum lacking the expected denitrification genes. Our results show that regular kelp deposition strongly enhances the thermodynamic disequilibrium in the beach sand habitat, leading to a dramatic enhancement of the sulfur cycle.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Gas‐emission craters of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas: A proposed mechanism for lake genesis and development of permafrost landscapes (2019)
    JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 30, pp. 146-162, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-16
    Description: This paper describes two gas‐emission craters (GECs) in permafrost regions of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas. We show that in three consecutive years after GEC formation (2014–2017), both morphometry and hydrochemistry of the inner crater lakes can become indistinguishable from other lakes. Craters GEC‐1 and AntGEC, with initial depths of 50–70 and 15–19 m respectively, have transformed into lakes 3–5 m deep. Crater‐like depressions were mapped in the bottom of 13 out of 22 Yamal lakes. However, we found no evidence that these depressions could have been formed as a result of gas emission. Dissolved methane (dCH4) concentration measured in the water collected from these depressions was at a background level (45 ppm on average). Yet, the concentration of dCH4 from the near‐bottom layer of lake GEC‐1 was significantly higher (824–968 ppm) during initial stages. We established that hydrochemical parameters (dissolved organic carbon, major ions, isotopes) measured in GEC lakes approached values measured in other lakes over time. Therefore, these parameters could not be used to search for Western Siberian lakes that potentially resulted from gas emission. Temperature profiles measured in GEC lakes show that the water column temperatures in GEC‐1 are lower than in Yamal lakes and in AntGEC – close to values of Gydan lakes. Given the initial GEC depth 〉 50 m, we suggest that at least in GEC‐1 possible re‐freezing of sediments from below might take place. However, with the present data we cannot establish the modern thickness of the closed talik under newly formed GEC lakes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Gas‐emission craters of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas: Aproposed mechanism for lake genesis and development ofpermafrost landscapes (2019)
    JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: This paper describes two gas‐emission craters (GECs) in permafrost regions of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas. We show that in three consecutive years after GEC formation (2014–2017), both morphometry and hydrochemistry of the inner crater lakes can become indistinguishable from other lakes. Craters GEC‐1 and AntGEC, with initial depths of 50–70 and 15–19 m respectively, have transformed into lakes 3–5 m deep. Crater‐like depressions were mapped in the bottom of 13 out of 22 Yamal lakes. However, we found no evidence that these depressions could have been formed as a result of gas emission. Dissolved methane (dCH4) concentration measured in the water collected from these depressions was at a background level (45 ppm on average). Yet, the concentration of dCH4 from the near‐bottom layer of lake GEC‐1 was significantly higher (824–968 ppm) during initial stages. We established that hydrochemical parameters (dissolved organic carbon, major ions, isotopes) measured in GEC lakes approached values measured in other lakes over time. Therefore, these parameters could not be used to search for Western Siberian lakes that potentially resulted from gas emission. Temperature profiles measured in GEC lakes show that the water column temperatures in GEC‐1 are lower than in Yamal lakes and in AntGEC – close to values of Gydan lakes. Given the initial GEC depth 〉 50 m, we suggest that at least in GEC‐1 possible re‐freezing of sediments from below might take place. However, with the present data we cannot establish the modern thickness of the closed talik under newly formed GEC lakes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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