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  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (3)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We measured the vertical water column distribution of nitrous oxide (N2O) during the European Iron Fertilization Experiment (EIFEX) in the subpolar South Atlantic Ocean during February/March 2004 (R/V Polarstern cruise ANT XXI/3). Despite a huge build‐up and sedimentation of a phytoplankton bloom, a comparison of the N2O concentrations within the fertilized patch with concentrations measured outside the fertilized patch revealed no N2O accumulation within 33 days. This is in contrast to a previous study in the Southern Ocean, where enhanced N2O accumulation occurred in the pycnocline. Thus, we conclude that Fe fertilization does not necessarily trigger additional N2O formation and we caution that a predicted radiative offset due to a Fe‐induced additional release of oceanic N2O might be overestimated. Rapid sedimentation events during EIFEX might have hindered the build‐up of N2O and suggest, that not only the production of phytoplankton biomass but also its pathway in the water column needs to be considered if N2O radiative offset is modeled.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (23). L23S07.
    Publication Date: 2017-09-12
    Description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) was measured during the first German SOLAS (Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study) cruise in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean on board R/V Meteor during October/November 2002. About 900 atmospheric and dissolved N2O measurements were performed with a semi-continuous GC-ECD system equipped with a seawater-gas equilibrator. Surface waters along the main transect at 10°N showed no distinct longitudinal gradient. Instead, N2O saturations were highly variable ranging from 97% to 118% (in the Guinea Dome Area, 11°N, 24°W). When approaching the continental shelf of West Africa, N2O surface saturations went up to 113%. N2O saturations in the region of the equatorial upwelling (at 0–1.5°N, 23.5–26°W) were correlated with decreasing sea surface temperatures and showed saturations up to 109%. The overall mean N2O saturation was 104 ± 4% indicating that the tropical North Atlantic Ocean is a net source of atmospheric N2O.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We use transit time distributions calculated from tracer data together with in situ measurements of N(2)O to estimate the concentration of biologically produced N(2)O ([N(2)O](xs)) and N(2)O production rates in the central North Atlantic Ocean. Our approach to estimation of N(2)O production rates integrates the effects of potentially varying production and decomposition mechanisms along the transport path of a water mass. We find that previously used approaches overestimate the oceanic equilibrium N(2)O concentrations by 8-13% and thus underestimate the strength of N(2)O sources in large parts of the water column. Thus the quantitative characteristics of the [N(2)O](xs)/AOU relationship used as an indicator of nitrification are distorted. We developed a new parameterization of N(2)O production during nitrification depending linearly on AOU and exponentially on temperature and depth, which can be applied to calculate N(2)O production due to nitrification in the entire ocean including oxygen minimum zones.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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