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  • 1
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    Reduction of Near-Inertial energy through the dependence of wind stress on the Ocean-Surface velocity (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 . pp. 2761-2773.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-27
    Description: A realistic primitive-equation model of the Southern Ocean at eddying spatial resolution is used to examine the effect of ocean-surface-velocity dependence of the wind stress on the strength of near-inertial oscillations. Accounting for the ocean-surface-velocity dependence of the wind stress leads to a large reduction of wind-induced near-inertial energy of approximately 40 percent and of wind power input into the near-inertial frequency band of approximately 20 percent. A large part of this reduction can be explained by the leading-order modification to the wind stress if the ocean-surface velocity is included. The strength of the reduction is shown to be modulated by the inverse of the ocean-surface-mixed-layer depth. We conclude that the effect of surface-velocity dependence of the wind stress should be taken into account when estimating the wind-power input into the near-inertial frequency band and when estimating near-inertial energy levels in the ocean due to wind forcing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Transport driven by eddy momentum fluxes in the Gulf Stream Extension region (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 37 . L24401.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-13
    Description: The importance of the Gulf Stream Extension region in climate and seasonal prediction research is being increasingly recognised. Here we use satellite-derived eddy momentum fluxes to drive a shallow water model for the North Atlantic Ocean that includes the realistic ocean bottom topography. The results show that the eddy momentum fluxes can drive significant transport, sufficient to explain the observed increase in transport of the Gulf Stream following its separation from the coast at Cape Hatteras, as well as the observed recirculation gyres. The model also captures recirculating gyres seen in the mean sea surface height field within the North Atlantic Current system east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, including a representation of the Mann Eddy.
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  • 3
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    On the spatial and temporal distribution of near-inertial energy in the Southern Ocean (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119 (1). pp. 359-376.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We use an eddying realistic primitive equation model of the Southern Ocean to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of near-inertial wind-power input (WPI) and near-inertial energy (NIE) in the Southern Ocean. We find that the modelled near-inertial WPI is almost proportional to inertial wind-stress variance (IWSV), while the modelled NIE is modulated by the inverse of the mixed-layer depth. We go on to assess recent decadal trends of near-inertial WPI from trends of IWSV based on reanalysis wind-stress. Averaged over the Southern Ocean, annual-mean IWSV is found to have increased by 16 percent over the years 1979 through 2011. Part of the increase of IWSV is found to be related to the positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode over the same period. Finally, we show that there are horizontal local maxima of NIE at depth that are almost exclusively associated with anticyclonic eddies.
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