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  • 2000-2004  (52)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 1890-1899  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulating the Potential: Creative Performance and Communication in Innovation Teams (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Creativity and innovation management 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Creativity is essential to successful new product development efforts. Teams constitute the organizing principle in most modern innovation activities. Although creativity research has revealed many factors influencing individual creativity, little is known about how team-level creativity is determined. Since the creative innovation task requires teams to combine and integrate input from multiple team members, the team's communication pattern is an important determinant of team creativity. Based on a sample of 44 NPD teams in eleven companies, this study examines the effects of team-member communication on team creativity. It is found that both interaction frequency and subgroup-formation of communication have a negative relationship to team creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and further research is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2004.00294.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A delicate managerial challenge: how cooperation and integration affect the performance of teams (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 10 (2004), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Multifunctional teams have become commonplace in new product development (NPD) endeavors. Knowledge on the functioning of such teams, however, remains little. In this article two major principles about how these teams function are investigated, team cooperation and team integration. A theoretical discussion indicates that there is not a clear-cut way to manage team cooperation and team integration in order to achieve high performance. The management of these principles in NPD teams is rather a delicate managerial challenge. These theoretical considerations are statistically examined then. The results show that both team cooperation and team integration are inversely U-shaped related to NPD team performance. In managerial terms the results imply that creating the right level of team cooperation and team integration managers have to balance their actions between two extremes. The article finishes by presenting opportunities how to do so.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527590410527559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of bacterial communities from Mediterranean sapropels based on cultivation-dependent methods (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microbial communities of ancient Mediterranean sapropels, buried sediment layers of high organic matter, were analyzed by most probable number (MPN) approaches. Mineral media containing different carbon sources in sub-millimolar concentrations were used. MPN numbers were elevated in sapropels and at the sediment surface, which mirrored total cell count distributions. Highest MPN counts were obtained with a mixture of different monomeric and polymeric substrates, with amino acids or with long-chain fatty acids as sole carbon sources. These values reached up to 2 × 107 cm−3, representing 3.3% of the total cell count. A total of 98 pure cultures were isolated from the highest positive dilutions of the MPN series, representing the most abundant microorganisms culturable by the methods used. The strains were identified by molecular biological methods and could be grouped into 19 different phylotypes. They belonged to the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Proteobacteria, to the Actinobacteria and the Firmicutes. However, about half of the number of isolates was closely related to the genera Photobacterium and Agrobacterium. Regarding the high cultivation success, these organisms can be assumed to be typical sapropel bacteria, representing a substantial part of the culturable indigenous microbial community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.07.010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring biophysical potential and sustainability of wheat cultivation in Uruguay at the national level (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A methodology is presented that explores soil survey information at the national level (1:1 M), generating sustainability indicators for wheat cultivation in Uruguay. Potential yields were calculated for simplified crop production situations under several constraints, such as limitation of water availability calculated from soil physical properties and climatic conditions, and limitation of nutrient availability calculated from soil fertility and climatic conditions. Land quality sufficiency was examined by comparing these yields with the constraint-free yield conditioned only by solar radiation, temperature and the crop's photosynthetic properties. Crop growth was simulated only for areas suitable for the defined agricultural use. Model runs were repeated with inclusion of a topsoil loss scenario over 20 years as defined from an erosion risk analysis. Comparison between crop growth simulations for the two situations, gives an indication of the changes in land quality status, which supplies an indicator for agroecological sustainability.On the basis of crop growth simulation it is concluded that wheat production constraints in Uruguay appear to be mainly related to water availability limitations, while nutrient availability is near optimal for the suitable soils. The simulated loss of topsoil impacts most on soil physical properties, expressed in reduced water-limited yields. Soil fertility status, evaluated by change in nutrient-limited yields, was little affected by the scenario.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00208.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF DELIVERY METHOD ON THE SENSORY PERCEPTION OF SEMISOLID DAIRY DESSERTS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of sensory studies 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study tests the possibility that sensory attributes are affected by the method by which a food is transferred to the mouth. For example, hot liquids appear to be considerably hotter when taken through a straw than when taken using a cup. Pre-weighed samples of two vanilla flavoured dairy custards were presented, in random order, to 16 trained panellists using a spoon, an 11-mm diameter straw or a modified straw that had a 4-mm diameter constriction within it. Panellists rated products using a subset of attributes generated by a quantitative descriptive analysis panel. The amount ingested was measured by re-weighing each sample after assessment. Each experiment was repeated three times. There were significant differences in the amount ingested for the two products. The delivery method had no effect on the sensory attributes of the products other than for thickness and melting, where products taken with the spoon were rated as less viscous than when taken through a straw. The constriction in the straw had no effect on either the amount ingested or on any of the sensory attributes. This study demonstrates that resistance to sucking does not affect perception of thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459x.2004.011403.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF BITE SIZE AND MULTIPLE BITES ON ORAL TEXTURE SENSATIONS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of bite size on sensory mouthfeel and afterfeel sensations was explored in two studies in which single bites of vanilla custard desserts were varied from itollmL (study 1) and in which series of five bites of two different custard desserts were presented consecutively (study 2). In single bites, sensations of perceived creaminess were enhanced with size whereas sensations of astringency and temperature were suppressed. Bite size also affected perceived thickness, but the direction of the effects varied with custard desserts. With multiple bites, creaminess sensations continued to increase, whereas other sensations were unaffected. Switching to a second series of bites of another vanilla custard dessert showed larger sensory effects, especially on astringency sensations but also to a lesser extent on sensations of thickness and fatty afterfeel. Single and multiple bite results are discussed in terms of possible peripheral mechanisms. Switching results are discussed in terms of possible central sensory contrast mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2003.tb00398.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA endoreduplication in maize endosperm cells: the effect of exposure to short-term high temperature (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: DNA endoreduplication in Zea mays L. (cv. A619 × W64A) endosperm peaks between 16 and 18 d after pollination (DAP). The physiological function of DNA endoreduplication is not known but it is believed to be important in maize kernel development. In the present study, we investigated how 2, 4 or 6 d of high temperature (35 °C) affected DNA endoreduplication and maize kernel development in comparison with control kernels grown at 25 °C. Data were collected on fresh weight (FW), nuclei number, mitotic index, and DNA endoreduplication. Maize endosperm FW and nuclei number were reduced by exposure to 4 or 6 d of high temperature. At 18 DAP, the 2 d high temperature treatment (HTT) caused a reduction in FW and nuclei number, but had no effect on DNA endoreduplication and average DNA content per endosperm. However, when the exposure to high temperature was increased to 4 or 6 d, FW, nuclei number and the magnitude of DNA endoreduplication were progressively reduced, and the peak mitotic index was delayed compared with the control endosperm. At 18 DAP, the 4 d treatment showed 54·7% of the cells were 3 or 6 C, whereas only 41·2% were 12 C or higher. Six days of high temperature also resulted in a reduction in endosperm FW, nuclei number and a delay in the peak of mitotic index. DNA endoreduplication occurred in the kernels exposed to this treatment, although the magnitude was severely reduced compared with the control kernels. Nuclear DNA content was highly correlated (r= 0·93) with kernel FW, suggesting an important role of DNA endoreduplication in determining endosperm FW. The data suggest that high temperature during endosperm cell division exerted negative effects on DNA endoreduplication by dramatically reducing the nuclei number, leaving fewer nuclei available for DNA endoreduplication. However, the data also suggest that prolonged exposure to high temperature restricts entry of mitotic cells into the endoreduplication phase of the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00564.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive Analysis of Cocoa Procyanidins Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy technique for the prediction of procyanidins in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) has been developed. A select group of cocoa liquors from different origins used for the manufacture of chocolate were analyzed to determine quantitative levels of procyanidin oligomers (monomer to decamer) using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The calibration set included seasonal, environmental, and fermentation variations to cover the concentration range of procyanidins found at naturally occurring levels. The sample set was analyzed on FOSS NIR System II 6500 spectrophotometers and partial least-squares algorithms developed. Very good calibration statistics were obtained for the prediction of the total procyanidin oligomers (r2 = 0.983) with standard deviation/standard error of cross validation ratio (SD/SECV) of 5.68. A global version of this calibration, involving 20 Foss instruments produced a calibration r2 = 0.98 with a SD/ SECV = 6.20. Procyanidins have attracted increasing attention because of the rapidly growing body of evidence associating these compounds with a wide range of potential health benefits. A rapid method for the analysis of procyanidins in cocoa liquors would be beneficial in quality-control environments and would provide cost benefits to manufacturing operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05779.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How innovative are Dutch immigrant entrepreneurs?: Constructing a framework of assessment (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research 8 (2002), S. 69-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2554
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Asks how innovative Dutch immigrant entrepreneurs are. Since the mid-1980s the number of immigrant firms has more than tripled. This coincides with a huge increase in the number of start-ups in the Dutch economy as a whole. However, international comparisons show that this increase has not resulted in an equal rise in the number of fast growing firms that add value and create employment - the so-called gazelles - and are hence the preferred ideal of policy makers. This raises the question of how innovative the Dutch economy might be. To address this issue, constructs a framework of assessment, derived from the divergent capitalisms approach of Richard Whitley and associates, as this approach offers a useful conceptual instrument to do so. Concludes that, despite appearances, the Dutch institutional setting is not very conducive for value creating innovations, but instead seduces firms, especially small and medium enterprises, to follow reactive strategies. Offers some general remarks on how the conditions for innovation can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550210423732
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Challenges of the LHC: the detector challenge (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 34 (2004), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01768-6
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