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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond dynamics of chemical reactions at surfaces (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.35.Ja; 78.47.+p; 82.65.-i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. One of the major goals in physical chemistry is to obtain a microscopic understanding of chemical reactions. Recent developments in femtosecond laser techniques provide the opportunity to resolve the timescale of elementary steps of chemical reactions at surfaces. This is exemplified for the femtosecond laser-induced oxidation of CO on Ru(001). Among other adsorbate-specific probes vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy offers the possibility to monitor adsorbates or reaction intermediates directly at the surface. Recently, we have employed this technique to investigate the dynamics of the CO-stretch vibration of CO adsorbed on Ru(001) after optical excitation leading to CO desorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desorption of CO from Ru(001) induced by near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9888-9897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irradiation of a Ru(001) surface covered with CO using intense femtosecond laser pulses (800 nm, 130 fs) leads to desorption of CO with a nonlinear dependence of the yield on the absorbed fluence (100–380 J/m2). Two-pulse correlation measurements reveal a response time of 20 ps (FWHM). The lack of an isotope effect together with the strong rise of the phonon temperature (2500 K) and the specific electronic structure of the adsorbate–substrate system strongly indicate that coupling to phonons is dominant. The experimental findings can be well reproduced within a friction-coupled heat bath model. Yet, pronounced dynamical cooling in desorption, found in the fluence-dependence of the translational energy, and in a non-Arrhenius behavior of the desorption probability reflect pronounced deviations from thermal equilibrium during desorption taking place on such a short time scale. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481626
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Crystal Structure of Solid Mercury (1928)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 122 (1928), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As yet only two attempts1 seem to have been made to determine the crystal structure of solid mercury with the aid of X-rays. The results of these investigations, however, were wholly contradictory. I have tried to settle the question with the aid of a special spectrograph ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/122314c0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weak ferromagnetism in low-dimensional cuprates Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 and Ba3Cu2O4Cl2 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6022-6024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 is a two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet with two Cu sublattices showing a small spontaneous magnetization M0. A group theoretical analysis shows that M0 may be due to (i) induced magnetization in the Cu II sublattice or (ii) spin canting of the Cu I moments, i.e., weak ferromagnetism (WFM). In case (i) the interaction is of pseudodipolar type. In case (ii) the Cu I moments are subject to some kind of anisotropy. The main reason for the occurrence of M0, compared to similar high-Tc cuprates related structures, is that the center between two Cu I moments is not an inversion center. Ba3Cu2O4Cl2 behaves like a classical antiferromagnet with a spin-flop transition. For this compound our analysis shows that, in the case where the magnetic and the crystallographic unit cells are identical, the Cu moments of equivalent sites should be parallel and the antiferromagnetic order is related to opposite directions of the moments at different sites. Weak antiferromagnetism but no WFM is permitted, in agreement with the experimental results. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372600
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fine Structure of X-ray Absorption Edges (1929)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 124 (1929), S. 652-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is well known that the edges of X-ray absorption spectra are very often accompanied by secondary edges on the short wave-length side. For this phenomenon the following explanation has been proposed (D. Coster, Zs. f. Phys., 25, 83; 1924: A. Sommerfeld, “Atombau”, fourth German ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/124652a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoproduction of neutral pion pairs from the proton (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (2000), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 13.60.Le Meson production – 25.20.Lj Photoproduction reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Double neutral pion photoproduction from the proton has been measured at MAMI for photon energies between threshold and 820 MeV. The reaction was identified by an invariant mass and missing mass analysis. From threshold up to 370 MeV the total cross-section does not exceed 30 nb. For higher energies it shows a smooth rise until it reaches a maximum of about 10 μb at E γ = 740 MeV. Dalitz plots of m 2(π0π0) versus m 2(p,π0) for seven bins of incident photon energy have been analysed. For E γ 〉 610 MeV, a strong contribution of a sequential decay is observed with the Δ(1232)-resonance as intermediate state. A comparison to model calculations shows that these sequential decays presumably originate from the D 13(1520) and also the P 11(1440)-resonance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070048
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double- π0 photoproduction from the deuteron (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (2000), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 13.60.Le Meson production – 25.20.Lj Photoproduction reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The photoproduction of two neutral pions from the deuteron has been studied for incident photon energies from 200 MeV to 820 MeV with the TAPS spectrometer at MAMI (Mainz Microtron). The total cross-section was determined and used to deduce the cross-section from the neutron. Due to the good statistical quality of the data Dalitz plots for the three particles in the exit channel (π0π0 N) could be constructed. The invariant mass distributions derived from them are presented in this paper. They indicate that the important reaction mechanism in the second resonance region is a sequential decay pattern involving the population of the Δ(1232)-resonance as an intermediate state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070047
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur des festen Quecksilbers (1929)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 53 (1929), S. 72-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Thermostat-Röntgenspektrograph für Kristalluntersuchungen nach der Braggschen Methode bei verschiedenen Temperaturen beschrieben. Mit diesem Spektrographen wurde die Kristallstruktur des Quecksilbers bei — 80° C bestimmt und eine einfache rhomboedrische Struktur gefunden, in Übereinstimmung mit einer früheren Aussage von MacKeehan und Cioffi. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß das aus kleinen Quecksilbertröpfchen bestehende Präparat (mittlere Tropfengröße 10μ) bei — 80° C in unterkühltem Zustand verharrt und sehr schwer zum Ausfrieren zu bringen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01339384
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practice, Policy, and Pedagogy in a Mandatory Environmental Law Course (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 123 (2000), S. 409-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: environmental law ; legal education ; pedagogy ; regulations ; simulations ; statutes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract All students at the University of Richmond School of Law are required to complete a first-year course in Environmental Law, as an introduction to the strategies and technicalities of statutory and regulatory regimes. This requirement poses special pedagogical challenges for the instructors. How, for example, is the class to address pollution questions regarding diverse media? Which of the many federal and nonfederal statutory provisions deserve the most (and least attention)? How does the instructor hold the attention of, and gain the most effective work product from, students whose major interests lie outside the area of Environmental Law? What is the proper mix of statutory, regulatory, and judge-made (pre- and post-regulatory) law? Our solution has been to craft a unique combination of traditional lectures and readings regarding specific statutes, regulations, and case law; weekly discussion questions that immerse the students in the intricacies of statutory and regulatory provisions; a series of small-group simulations designed to highlight substantive legal points and to place the students in a wide range of legal and extralegal settings (client interviews, appellate argument, advocacy before administrative bodies, negotiation, lobbying public officials, legislative drafting); and periodic written assignments that focus the students' attention on technical legal and public policy issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005203218784
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  • 10
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    Molecular phylogenetic analysis of evolutionary trends in stonefly wing structure and locomotor behavior (2000)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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