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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 48 (1976), S. 387-390 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 270 (1977), S. 282-282 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As with many books, the title is a little misleading. Although the subject matter is concerned with general techniques that may be used in mineral or even oil exploration, it would be incorrect to say that the book is concerned with exploration specifically. The NERC/IGS, of which the authors are ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Indicator dilution ; Pulmonary flow ; Pulmonary volume ; Shunt flow ; Transposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Une nouvelle technique de dilution d'indicateur a été proposée pour mesurer le débit du sang dans les poumons des malades, avec transposition complète des artères principales et un défaut dans la cloison atriale ou ventriculaire. La méthode proposée comprend une analyse des trois courbes de dilution d'indicateur, préparées dans l'ordre suivant: injection dans la veine cave et échantillon dans l'artère pulmonaire, injection dans la veine cave et échantillon dans l'aorte, et (généralement) injection dans le ventricule droit et échantillon dans l'aorte. Outre le calcul de la circulation du sang dans les poumons, cette méthode permet celui simultané de la circulation systémique dans l'organisme, de la circulation réelle dans les poumons (débit net dans le défaut septal zu passage d'une circulation faible à une plus grande circulation), et le volume du sang passant dans les poumons. La thèse suggère une mesure quantitative de l'effet physiologique dû au défaut septal. La théorie fut d'ailleurs mise à l'épreuve en utilisant um modèle hydrodynamique simulant une transposition. Le modèle nécessite deux pompes à sang pulsatile Harvard, une chambre en plastique (‘coeur’) contenant un septum défecteux et une sonde fibroptique pour mesurer la concentration d'indicateurin situ. On constata que la technique proposée donnait des valeurs précises pour les débits et les volumes, et que l'efficacité ‘physiologique’ due septum défectueux ne dépendait que de l'endroit affecté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Indikatorverdünnungsmethode zur Messung des Lungenkreislaufs bei Patienten mit vollständiger Transposition der großen Arterien oder Fehlern der Vorhof- oder Ventrikulärscheidewand vorgeschlagen. Die Methode besteht in der Analyse von drei nacheinande hergestellten Indikatroverdünnungskurven: Injektion in die Hohlvene und Prüfung in der Lungenarterie, Injektion in die Hohlvene und Prüfung in der Aorta und (normalerweise) Injektion in die rechte Herzkammer und Prüfung in der Aorta. Neben dem Lungenkreislauf läßt sich mit diesem Verfahren gleichzeitig auch der Gesemtkreislauf und der effektive Lungenkreislauf (Nettodurchfluß durch den Scheidewanddefekt vom Herz/Lungenkreislauf zum Körperkreislauf) sowie das Blutvolumen in der Lunge bestimmen. Es wird eine quantitative Messung der physiologischen Auswirkung des Scheidewanddefekts vorgeschlagen. Die Theorie wurde an einem hydrodynamischen Versuchsmodell mit simulierter Transposition getestet. Bei dem Modell wurden zwei Harvard Blutpulsierpumpen, eine Kunststoffkammer (‘Herz’) mit einer defekten Scheidewand und eine fibrooptische Testvorrichtung zur Messung der Indikatorkonzentration an Ort und Stelle verwendet. Mit dem Verfahren ließen sich genaue Werte für Blutdurchfluß und Blutvolumen erzielen. Es wurde beobachtet, daß die ‘physiologische’ Auswirkung des Scheidewanddefekts lediglich vom Ausmaß des Defekts abhängt.
    Notes: Abstract A new indicator-dilution technique is proposed for the measurement of pulmonary blood flow in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and a defect in either the atrial or ventricular septum. The proposed method involves analysis of three indicator-dilution curves which have been prepared sequentially as follows: injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the pulmonary artery, injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the aorta, and (usually) injecting in the right ventricle and sampling in the aorta. In addition to the calculation of pulmonary blood flow, this method permits concurrent calculation of systemic blood flow, effective pulmonary blood flow (net flow through the septal defect from lesser to greater circulation), and pulmonary blood volume. A quantitative measure of the physiological effectiveness of the septal defect is suggested. The theory was tested using a hydrodynamic model which simulated transposition. The model employed two Harvard pulsatile blood pumps, a plastic chamber (‘heart’) containing a defective septum, and a optical-fibre probe for measuring indicator concentrationin situ. The proposed technique was found to give accurate values for flows and volumes. The ‘physiological’ effectiveness of the septal defect was observed to be dependent only on the area of the defect.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 47-48 (1989), S. 159-178 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work is concerned with the development of a technique to observe the onset of corrosion as it occurs beneath a temporary protective layer. Such temporary protectives include paints, varnishes, greases and oils that are applied to metal surfaces to give short-term protection from corrosion. The objective of this project was to develop a technique that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various temporary protectives in different environments, without the need to remove the protective layer, thus eliminating the possibility of any chemical changes or loss of corrosion products occurring as a result of removal. The temporary protective layers are typically 25Μm for paints and 15Μm per layer for varnishes. The 6.3 keV fluorescence X-ray is able to penetrate such layers, but the large escape depth (∼10Μm) of the X-rays means that for a thin protective layer a large proportion of the X-rays detected will originate from deep within the substrate and the resultant spectrum will be representative of the bulk rather than the surface. To enhance the surface sensitivity of the CXMS technique, the near surface region must be enriched in the isotope Fe-57. To achieve this, Fe-57 was vacuum evaporated onto the surface of mild steel substrates and subsequently diffused into the near surface region. An approximate 20 nm Fe-57 layer was deposited onto mild steel samples. The surface enriched samples were then annealed to allow the Fe-57 to diffuse into the near surface region of the mild steel substrate, and also to allow back diffusion of the substrate. A diffusion model was developed to predict the surface distribution of Fe-57 as a function of annealing parameters. The computer diffusion model allowed the ideal annealing conditions to be estimated to obtain a required near surface environment. It was essential that the annealing conditions did not result in any surface oxidation, and did result in a surface that was characteristic of mild steel. CEMS and CXMS spectra were recorded of samples before and after annealing, and also dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) was used to monitor the enrichment and diffusion process. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA) was also used to characterize the surface. A number of enriched samples were prepared and treated with a variety of surface temporary protectives. The CXMS spectra were recorded before and after exposure of the coated samples to various aggressive environments.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 311-317 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin stabilizers ; Dibutyltin ; PVC ; Polymers ; Gamma irradiation ; Degradation ; Dealkylation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organotin stabilizers of the type Bu2SnX2 (X = SCH2CO2C8H17 or O2CCH=CHCO2C8H17) present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation in the range 1-200 kGy (0.1-20 Mrad) are shown to suffer degradation with dealkylation to form monobutyltin trichloride and tin(IV) chloride, which have been characterized by a subsequent alkylation procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The extent of degradation of the stabilizers on prolonged gamma irradiation is much more severe than during thermal degradation leading to comparable blackening of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Mössbauer ; Dibutyltin dichloride ; PVC ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Variable-temperature Sn-119m Mössbauer studies of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) and dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2) when dispersed in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix have been interpreted using a Debye model. Recoilless fractions have been determined which indicate that at 80 K the Mössbauer technique is nearly three times as sensitive to the presence of SnCl4 compared with Bu2SnCl2 within the poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. These observations have been explained in terms of structural changes occurring on dispersion in the polymer matrix which result in the tin atom in tin(IV) chloride becoming six-coordinate whereas that in dibutyltin dichloride reduces its coordination to five. The implications of these results for future applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy to the study of organotin compounds present in polymers are considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 393-401 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Tributyltin elastomers ; curing process ; chemical changes ; 119mSn Mössbauer spectra ; 119Sn NMR spectra ; carbon black ; neoprene ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of tributyltin toxicants on incorporation into cured neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that all of the toxicants undergo chemical change during the curing process, being converted into tributyltin chloride, together with (in some cases) tributyltin stearate and a small amount of dibutyltin distearate. Possible interactions between the organotin agents and other components of the elastomer, e.g. carbon black filler, and cure accelerators such as tetramethylthiuram disulphide, have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 3 (1989), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triphenyltin ; neoprene ; elastomer ; Mössbauer ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of triphenyltin biocides on incorporation into neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that triphenyltin compounds undergo drastic degradation on incorporation into neoprene, suffering cleavage of phenyl-tin bonds to give a mixture of products in which all stages of dephenylation are present, including stannic chloride. This degradation occurs not only in elastomers cured at 150°C, but also in room temperature solvent-cast samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1975-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-554X
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-3759
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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