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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,097)
  • 1955-1959  (1,097)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equipment has been developed in which fermentation processes for fastidious, pathogenic micro-organisms can be operated on a pilot-plant scale. Experience has shown the need for the development of concepts, techniques, and equipment meeting more stringent requirements than those ordinarily encountered in the fermentation industry. A system has been developed for the preparation of pure cultures which may be used either for the development of processes or in the preparation of substantial quantities of pure cultures. The equipment includes specially designed valves, fermentors, piping arrangement, and requires special methods of operation in order to maintain pure cultures during growth of the organism. The number of cultures of pathogenic, fastidious micro-organisms contaminated in the systems commonly used in industry is materially greater than the number of contaminated cultures produced in the system described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 26-33 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rates of nitration of benzene by nitric acid in mixed acid to produce mononitrobenzene have been measured in well-emulsified reaction mixtures in the temperature range from 34° to 54°C. The acid-phase compositions ranged from 1.6 mole % nitric acid and 27 mole % sulfuric acid to 35 mole % nitric acid and zero % sulfuric acid; the organicphase composition ranged from 4 to 95 mole % benzene, and the relative extent of the acid and organic phases was varied from 25 to 80 volume % acid phase.The reaction rate based on the total volume of the reacting mixture is shown to be a function of the phase compositions, temperature, and volume % of acid phase.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 335-341 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Essential features of the crystallization of unoriented high polymers from the molten and supercooled liquid conditions are outlined to provide a background for a proposed structure and mechanism of growth of spherulites. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms of crystallite growth are discussed. Spherulites are recognized as crudely oriented spheroidal aggregates of crystallites and their attached amorphous regions. It is proposed that a spherulite originates from a single nucleus and that growth proceeds thence in a statistically radical fashion until all crystallizable domains are utilized or until growth is arrested due to increasing viscosity of the medium. It is assumed that crystallite growth occurs by lateral accretion of suitable oriented molecular segments and that nucleation proceeds from one crystallite to another by means of fine streamers of crystalline order (protofibrils) which may grow either by longitudinal extension along fringes or by lateral aggregation of very short segments. The predominant shapes of the crystallites are believed to determine the structure and optical properties of the spherulite. A roughly conical arrangement of crystallites around a spherulite radius is preferred to a helical one.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 42 (1959), S. 1317-1323 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-mercaptopyrimidine (II) has been synthesized by condensation of guanidine with methyl ethoxycarbonyl-dithioacetate (I). The structure of the condensation product II has been proved (a) by desulfurization to isocytosine (III), (b) by comparison with a specimen prepared by treatment of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IV) with NaSH.The dithioester I and formamidine did not react under the same experimental conditions. The expected product, 4-hydroxy-6-mercaptopyrimidine (VII), has been obtained from 4,6-dichloropyrimidine through the following steps :4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine (V) and 4-chloro-6-hydroxypyrimidine (VI). The dithioester I is considerably less reactive than ethyl malonate in the reaction with the two amidines studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 411-420 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die aus 17 β-Oxy-pregnenolon durch Umlagerung des Gerüstes zugänglichen 17 a-Oxy-17-keto-D-homo-Steroide VI und XII wurden mit den beiden bekannten 17a-Methyl-D-homo-testosteronen I und II stereochemisch verknüpft. Damit konnte die bereits früher vorgenommene Konfigurationszuteilung an diese beiden D-Homo-androgene bestätigt werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 670-679 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Herstellung einiger N-alkylierter und N-alkylamino-alkylierter Pyrazole und Pyrazolone beschrieben. Die N-alkylierten Pyrazole zeigen mit steigendem Molekulargewicht erhöhte analgetische und spasmolytische Wirkungen, während die N-alkylamino-alkylierten Pyrazolone keine hervorstechenden Resultate ergeben. Die N-alkylaminoalkylierten Pyrazolone sind im allgemeinen toxischer als Pyramidon, dessen Wirkungsstärke sie jedoch selten erreichen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über einen neuen Weg der katalytischen Oxydation von Olefinen mit Platinmetall-Verbindungen berichtet. Mit Sauerstoff und Oxydationsüberträgern gelingt eine kontinuierliche, selektive Umsetzung zu Carbonyl-Verbindungen, die offensichtlich über Edelmetall-Olefin-Komplexe abläuft. Die Oxydation ist auch bei anderen ungesättigten Verbindungen möglich und eröffnet neue präparative Möglichkeiten. Die Methode ist Grundlage aussichtsreicher technischer Verfahren für die Herstellung von Carbonyl-Verbindungen aus niederen Olefinen, insbesondere von Acetaldehyd aus Äthylen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 208-212 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effective correlations of turbulent velocities and friction losses for tubes and parallel plates recently published have been analyzed further in order to simplify their use and to extend the range of Reynolds number.Working diagrams have been developed from which turbulent friction losses and local velocities for tubes and parallel plates can be calculated without interpolation or trial-and-error procedures. Tentative values of parallel-plate friction factors and average-to-maximum velocity ratios in the transition region are also included, and new experimental values of the velocity ratio in smooth tubes are reported. The working diagrams permit more rapid, accurate, and consistent calculations of fluid behavior to be made over a wider range of operating conditions than was previously possible.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 90-96 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of flow of pure gases, both those with no adsorption and those with appreciable adsorption, were studied as a function of pressure level, pressure drop, and temperature for flow through 1/2-in.-diameter cylindrical plugs of activated carbon and of unsintered Vycor glass. Adsorption isotherms for the pure gases on Vycor glass were measured over the range of variables covered in the flow studies. A few measurements were made for bulk liquid flowing through a Vycor plug.Permeabilities, which are proportional to the rate of flow per unit of pressure drop, were satisfactorily correlated for hydrogen, helium, argon, and nitrogen by employing existing gas-phase flow theory. Permeabilities considerably larger than the values predicted from the nonadsorbed gas correlation, sometimes more than seventeen times as large, were observed for ethylene, propylene, and isobutane flowing through a Vycor plug. For the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems, permeabilities for vapor flow are as much as sixty times larger than for bulk liquid flow.The unusual flow phenomena for the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems are attributed to a rapid transport in the adsorbed layer. The total transport is treated as being the sum of gas-phase and adsorbed-layer flow. An equation describing adsorbed-layer movement is derived by utilizing a force balance together with thermodynamic principles. The resulting equation has just one empirical constant, and its use requires adsorption-isotherm data. It correlates very well the surface flow rates for the major range of the variables covered in this investigation. Rate measurements were made for adsorbed-layer concentrations ranging from about one tenth of a monolayer up through the capillary condensation region. Deviations in the one constant form of the equation are observed below one tenth of a monolayer. The available literature data on flow in adsorbed layers are reasonably well correlated by the same equation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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