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  • Cambridge University Press  (210)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1955-1959  (198)
  • 1935-1939  (76)
  • 1
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    Interferometric test for N-wave flow (1957)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1957-05-01
    Description: An analytical expression for the fringe shift in the N-wave is derived from the improved linearized theory for a slender supersonic projectile. From this expression an approximate mapping function is found which gives a simple test for N-wave flow. The validity of the fringe-shift expression is quantitatively confirmed by measuring an interferogram of the flow around a sphere. N-wave flow is shown to exist around a small sphere for r greater than about 70 diameters. Measurements of the shock waves from a sphere and a cone-cylinder show that the shocks assume their asymptotic positions for r 〉 14 diameters for the sphere, and r 〉 7 diameters for the cone-cylinder.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 2
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    The growth, yield and composition of certain tropical fodders (1935)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1935-07-01
    Description: XII. SummaryThe experiment was designed to compare under Trinidad conditions three varieties of fodder grass and ascertain the correct stage at which each should be cut to give the maximum nutritive value per acre. It consisted of a yield trial in the form of a Latin square in which the treatment series included four cutting rotations on main plots and three varieties of fodder grass on subplots as appended
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    Studies of the skeleton of the sheep I. The effect of different levels of dietary calcium during pregnancy and lactation on individual bones (1955)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1955-11-01
    Description: 1. Three groups of mature ewes were fed during pregnancy and lactation on rations differing in their calcium content. The mean daily intakes of calcium were 1·4 g. (group A), 4·5 g. (group B), and 7·4 g. (group C). Blood samples were analysed monthly for calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The ewes were killed at approximately 100 days after parturition and the skeletons isolated. Individual bones, either whole or divided into definite fractions, were analysed.2. The level of calcium intake was without effect on the number of lambs born, birth weight, or growth while milk fed.3. Blood calcium was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C, but blood inorganic phosphorus was unaltered.4. The resorption of bone substance was greater in group A than in groups B and C.5. The severity of resorption varied between bones, and in regions within certain bones. Resorption was most severe in the vertebrae and pelvis, and only slight in the metacarpal, the metatarsal and the shafts of other long bones. Resorption of intermediate magnitude was found for the remainder of the skeleton.6. Resorption was accompanied by reductions in the percentages of ash in bones, but this effect was proportionately less than the ash weight reduction.7. Radiological observations made on flesh-free bones at the end of the experiment gave a picture of resorption similar to that presented by the data for ash weights and percentages of ash, namely that resorption was much greater in group A than in groups B and C.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
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    Studies of the skeleton of the sheep: II. The relationship between calcium intake and resorption and repair of the skeleton in pregnancy and lactation (1956)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1956-12-01
    Description: 1. When Cheviot ewes were fed a daily ration containing about 5 g. of calcium during pregnancy and lactation there was a loss of 6·5% of skeletal mineral by mid-lactation. Two months after the end of lactation this loss was fully replaced.2. When the daily calcium allowance was about 2 g. the loss was 18·2% by mid-lactation and was not replaced by 2 months after the end of lactation. However, if the calcium intake was raised to about 5 g. at mid-lactation the skeleton was fully recovered by 2 months after the end of lactation.3. Resorption was always more marked in certain bones than others, the cervical vertebrae, skull and mandible being more sensitive than the ends of the radius and metacarpal and these ends more sensitive than the shafts. This follows the pattern of resorption reported in Part I of this series.4. In sheep on low calcium intakes the serum calcium levels rose in early lactation and then fell. If extra calcium was given from mid-lactation onwards serum calcium levels rose to normal. If extra calcium was not given the fall in serum calcium levels continued until the end of lactation, when they rose. Serum phosphate levels had a strong tendency to vary inversely with serum calcium levels.5. The differences in the mineral status of the skeletons, provoked by differences in dietary provision of calcium of the order used in this experiment, were readily seen in radiographs of flesh-free bone. Differences of this magnitude could not be accurately identified in radiographs of live animals.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
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    Nutrient interactions in pig nutrition I. Factors affecting the response to vitamin B12 in growing pigs (1956)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1956-08-01
    Description: 1. Growth and feed conversion efficiency of pigs between weaning and 100 lb. live weight were improved by adding a vitamin B12 a supplement to simplified all-plant rations containing, principally, barley and groundnut meal. This response was obtained with less than one-third of the U.S. recommended allowance of vitamin B12 in the rations of growing pigs.2. No such response was obtained when a vitamin B12 supplement was added to rations containing milling by-products and grass meal.3. When pigs were fed to a scale based on live weight, those that received an all-plant ration (containing milling by-products and grass meal, and relying on groundnut meal as the main source of supplementary protein to give a total content of 18·4 to 18·8% crude protein) gave 90–93% as good growth as pigs that were fed rations of similar total digestible nutrient content containing 14·5–15·5% crude protein and 3·6 or 7·0% white fish meal. Calculations suggest that such groundnut meal rations may be slightly deficient in lysine, but probably not deficient in tryptophan or ‘cystine + methionine’.4. When pigs were fed to appetite, those that received rations containing 3·6% white fish meal and no milling by-products or grass meal, ate significantly more than those that had either ‘milling by-products + grass meal’ or no fish meal in their rations; they grew proportionately faster, with no improvement in the efficiency of feed conversion.5. The carcasses of pigs that had received all-plant rations from weaning to bacon weight were of good quality, and their measurements did not differ from those of pigs that had received fish meal to 100 lb. live weight.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    The effect of seed rate and nitrogen on lodging and yield of spring barley (field experiments 1954 and 1955) (1957)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1957-11-01
    Description: The extent to which spring barley crops lodged at Rothamsted increased with seed rate and with nitrogen, and was much more severe in the wet summer of 1954 than the dry one of 1955. Although in 1954 all plots were extensively lodged by harvest there were great differences in date of lodging; 50% of the area was lodged later in plots sown with 1 than with 3 bushels/acre, the delay being 8 days with 1½ cwt. sulphate of ammonia, 14days with 3 cwt. and 21 days with 4½ cwt. The weight of unit length of the basal part of the straw was reduced by higher seed rate and to a smaller extent by nitrogen.Yield of total grain was only slightly affected by treatments; yield of dressed grain was decreased by higher seed rate in 1 year and by nitrogen in both years.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
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    The metabolic changes which occur in sheep transferred to lush spring pastures II. Changes in the acid-base balance of the whole animal (1959)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1959-08-01
    Description: 1. Acid-base changes were observed in the blood of some sheep after turning them out to lush spring grass.2. These changes were observed in animals previously fed a diet of hay plus concentrates. No changes were found in animals previously fed hay alone.3. Reasons are given for believing the acidosis observed was a consequence of feeding on lush pasture, and not a consequence of the exercise and excitement involved in rounding up sheep for sampling.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
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    The metabolic changes which occur in sheep transferred to lush spring grass I. Changes in blood and rumen constituents (1959)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1959-08-01
    Description: 1. Changes are observed in the concentrations of a wide range of substances found in blood and rumen contents when sheep are first turned out to lush spring grass.2. With some metabolites (e.g. rumen α-amino nitrogen, blood VFA) the increase is only temporary, and the animal (or its rumen microbial population) quickly adapts to the changed conditions. With other metabolites (e.g. rumen VFA) there is a sustained increase over a period of at least three weeks on grass.3. It is possible that the nature of the previous diet may determine the magnitude of the metabolic changes occurring.4. The overall nature of these changes should be taken into account in assessing the aetiology of the metabolic diseases occurring in ruminants under similar conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
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    Cytogenetic relationships of certain artificial and natural species of Avena (1959)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1959-04-01
    Description: 1. The desirability of employing the genetic variation present in diploid and tetraploid wild species for the improvement of the cultivated hexaploid species stimulated an investigation into the synthesis of various amphiploid forms in Avena.2. Five amphiploids at the hexaploid level have been produced, but the present investigation is limited to the amphiploids developed from the cross A. barbata (2n = 28)×.A. strigosa subsp. hirtula (2n= 14), their hybrids with the natural hexaploid species and with other amphiploid types.3. These amphiploids, like their parents, possessed black paleae, with hairs and a fairly strong geniculate awn on both the lower and upper grains. The bases of both the lower and upper grains possessed the articulation surfaces characteristic of A. fatua. Their hybrids with A. fatua were similar in spikelet morphology, but the A. sterilis type of spikelet was dominant in both the amphiploid 6x × A. sterilis and amphiploid 6x × A. byzantina. Partial dominance of the cultivated type base over the shedding type was evident in crosses with A. sativa and A. nuda but the naked caryopsis and multiflorous spikelet were recessive in the latter cross. In crosses between the A. barbata/A. hirtula 6x amphiploid and the A. abyssinica/A. strigosa 6x amphiploid (Cc 4387) the hybrid exhibited a reversal of dominance relationships, with the cultivated base type of Cc4387 being completely recessive to the shedding base.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    Experimental methods with cotton: II. A study of the effects of seed rate and time of thinning on the development and yield of cotton plants in hand-planted cotton trials (1939)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1939-07-01
    Description: The object of this experiment was, in the first place, to see whether, with cotton experiments, there was an advantage in planting a larger number of seeds per hill than the customary number of three; and, in the second place, to see the effect of the interaction of time of thinning with varying numbers of seeds per hill.In cotton breeding work, where trials of new strains have to be carried out as soon as sufficient seed is available, it is important to conserve seed in all possible ways. At the same time it is necessary to plant sufficient seed to give a full and even stand for all strains.In experiments carried out in 1936–7 and 1937–8 stand counts, made soon after germination, showed the advantage of the higher seed rates in obtaining a quick and full stand. Later counts and final counts at harvest showed a considerable evening up, although the two-seed treatment proved unreliable, giving the lowest stand in both seasons.Plant height and weight records, made during both seasons, showed that plants from the larger hills were drawn up much more rapidly than plants from the smaller hills. This rapid elongation in stem height proved, from weight figures, to be at the expense of lateral development, weak and leggy plants being produced in these hills. The ten-seed treatment showed up particularly badly in this respect, the yield figures showing that the plants never recovered from this early deleterious effect.The six-seed treatment, whilst giving a quick and excellent stand suffered to a certain extent from the same defects as the ten-seed treatment. If thinned early they tended to fill out and become more comparable with plants from the three-seed treatment, but when thinning was delayed they never caught up and final yield suffered adversely.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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