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  • 1960-1964  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat Treatment of Irradiated Polypropylene (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Isotactic polypropylene ('Moplen') powder was used. The molecular weight determined from viscosity was 2.7 X 105. The degree of crystallinity is reported to be 75 per cent. Rods were prepared by melting the powder in the glass ampoule under high vacuum. The materials were irradiated at 25 C. (in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/188315a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RADIATION INDUCED IONIC POLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE (1961)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 65 (1961), S. 1645-1647 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100905a514
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of acrylonitrile onto polypropylene films by a preirradiation method (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 244-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070041119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methacrylonitrile induced by ionizing radiation (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 45 (1960), S. 469-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of methacrylonitrile induced by ionizing radiation was investigated in bulk in the temperature range of 40 to -196°C. It was found from this investigation that two different polymerization mechanisms can exist in the polymerization under the same conditions at different temperature regions. The two different polymerization phenomena at room and at low temperature regions proceed by two different mechanisms: ionic and radical. It was found that the apparent activation energy in bulk polymerization is 6.3 kcal./mole in the 40 to -10°C. range and ca. 0.3 kcal./mole for polymerization initiated by high energy radiation in the -40 to -196°C. range. The effects of additives in the polymerization at both temperature regions were investigated. The viscosity of the polymer was measured in acetone solution at 25°C. and the infrared spectrum of the polymer was also measured. The authors believe from these experiments that the polymerization at room temperature proceeds by a radical mechanism and that the polymerization in the solid state at low temperature proceeds by an ionic mechanism. An important possibility was emphasized that a stereoregular ionic polymerization would be possible even in solid state of monomer by ionizing radiation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204514616
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two different polymerization mechanisms of acrylonitrile initiated by γ-irradiation (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 43 (1960), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylonitrile induced by ionizing radiation was investigated in bulk in the temperature range 15 to -196°C. It was found from this investigation that two different mechanisms could exist in the polymerization under the same conditions in different temperature regions. The two polymerization phenomena at room and at very low temperatures were studied from the point of view of radical and ionic polymerization mechanisms. It has been well known that the polymerization at room temperature proceeds by radical mechanism. In the solid state polymerization at very low temperatures the following results were obtained: first, the activation energy is very low, i.e., ca. 0.4 kcal./mole; second, an induction period was not observed under various conditions; third, the monomer containing a radical scavenger was easily polymerized. The authors believe that the facts described above indicate that polymerization in the solid state should proceed by an ionic mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204314216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced ionic polymerization of isoprene (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 54 (1961), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The γ-ray-induced polymerization of isoprene was investigated in the temperature range of -78° to 40°C. The following variables were studied: the dependence of polymerization rate on temperature; the effects of DPPH and pyridine on the polymerization at various temperatures; the dependence of the polymerization rate on dose rate at -78° and 20°C.; and the structure of the polyisoprenes obtained at various temperatures. the following results were obtained: (1) Although the Arrhenius plot of the polymerization rate did not yield a linear relation, the total polymerization rate was successfully separated into radical and ionic contributions. (2) The polymerization rate was proportional to the square root of dose rate at 20°C., whereas it was proportional to the first power of the dose rate at -78°C. (3) The structure of polyisoprene prepared at -78°C. is closely similar to that of cationically polymerized polyisoprene. The partially ionic mechanism of the radiation-induced polymerization of isoprene was elucidated in this investigation. It was concluded that a cationic mechanism is operative at low temperatures whereas a radical mechanism predominates at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205415915
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence on degree of crystallinity of isotactic polypropylene (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 44 (1960), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204414328
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced cationic polymerization of ethylene (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 1049-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Radiation-induced polymerization of liquid ethylene was investigated at -78°C. No induction period was observed. The rate of polymerization was proportional to the first power of the dose rate. Radical scavengers did not inhibit the polymerization. On the other hand, methylene chloride accelerated the polymerization appreciably. It was concluded that the polymerization of liquid ethylene at low temperature proceeds by a cationic mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010318
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum relaxation time on polymers in the vicinity of critical molecular weight (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 2039-2047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is a well-known fact that the relaxation spectra in the rubbery region of linear amorphous polymers show “box-type” functions which are characterized by three elements, τe τm and E0, the minimum relaxation time, maximum relaxation time, and height of the curve, respectively. The equation (τm - τe)/log (τm/τe) = 2.303 αMwβ/Er(τe) can be derived by a simple treatment described in this paper. Then log τe = -log E0/α(1 -1/10K) + β log M̄w can be obtained from the above equation for the polymers synthesized by us. According to Fujita's results, however, τm is independent of molecular weight and τm becomes τ3 when M̄w conforms to Mc. For such a case the above equation is transformed into log (τm/τe - 1) - log log τm/τm = β log M̄w/Mc. On the other hand, log τm experimentally obtained was plotted against log M̄w for the same polymers and it was found that the results were raher on the straight line indicated by the former equation than on the curve shown by the latter. Also log (τm + 0.234) =  - 5.87 + 1.65 log M̄w was found to be suitable for the polymers in the vicinity of Mc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010621
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene with ethylene induced by ionizing radiationA part of this paper was published previously.1 Most of this paper was presented at the Fourth Radioisotopes Conference in Kyoto, October 1961.2 (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 1977-1986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Radiation-induced copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene with ethylene was carried out. It was found from this investigation that the composition of copolymers varied continuously in a wide range of molar concentrations of one component. The melting point of the copolymers obtained varied continuously with the molar concentration of one component in monomer mixture between the melting points of both homopolymers. The x-ray diffraction measurements showed that the copolymer obtained was crystalline. The copolymerization proceeds by a radical mechanism. It was concluded that both the energy transfer to ethylene from tetrafluoroethylene during irradiation and great affinity of hydrogen atom for fluorine atom would play an important role in the copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100020436
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