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  • 1960-1964  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE two principal climatic factors which determ-JL ine the stress imposed by a hot indoor environment are the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures. In man, wet-bulb temperature has been found to be far more important than dry-bulb temperature. Indeed, wet-bulb temperature alone has experimentally ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 8 (1964), S. 99-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Rinder europÄischer Hochleistungsrassen beginnen bereits bei Umgebungstemperaturen von etwa 20
    Abstract: Resume Le bétail européen de haute productivité réagit contre un échauffement préjudiciable du corps à partir de 20
    Notes: Abstract In high producing European-type cattle defence mechanism against over-heating, increased evaporation of moisture from the skin and the respiratory tract, may come into operation at environmental temperatures as low as 20
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 5 (1961), S. 5-30 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstrakt Hitzetoleranz ist eine komplexe Grösse.Für ihr Studium müssen drei Faktoren berücksichtigt werden: die thermische Umwelt, der tierische Organismus und ein geeigneter Masstab, der die Einwirkung der thermischen Umwelt auf den tierischen Organismus zahlenmässig zum Ausdruck bringt. Da jedes der vier Hauptelemente einer thermischen Umwelt, nämlich Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit, Sonnenstrahlung und Wind spezifische Anforderungen an die Temperaturregelung des Körpers stellt, ist es wünschenswert,dass alle diese Elemente in einem Hitzetoleranz Test Berücksichtigung finden. Die gesamte Wärmebelastung, der ein Tier in einem Hitzetoleranz Test ausgesetzt wird, soll grosz genug sein um deutliche Reaktionen hervorzurufen, aber nicht so grosz, dass das Tier Schaden nimmt. Verschiedene morphologische Merkmale wie z.B. die Beschaffenheit des Haarkleides können prognostische Bedeutung besitzen; d.h. sie können eine gewisse Voraussage der zukünftigen Hitzetoleranz eines jungen Tieres gestatten.Dies ist für den Tierzüchter von praktischer Bedeutung. Unter den zahlreichen physiologischen Grössen,die zur Beurteilung der Hitzetoleranz herangezogen werden können,ist die Körpertemperatur das beste Einzelkriterium. Unter den Nutzleistungen scheint das Körperwachstum geeigneter zu sein als die Milchproduktion. Aus einer Beschreibung der verschiedenen Methoden, die als Bewertungsmasstäbe für die Hitzetoleranz verwendet werden, wird gefolgert,dass keine dieser Methoden vollständig befriedigt. Eine geeignetere Methode muss entwickelt werden. Die Fähigket eines Tieres Hitze zu ertragen wird durch eine Anzahl modifizierender Faktoren beeinflusst. Die wichtigsten sind: Alter, Ernährung, Körperbewegung, Geschlechtsfunktionen, Nutzleistung, Akklimatisation, Haltung, Gesundheitszustand und emotionelles Gleichgewicht. Werden diese Factoren in einem Hitzetoleranz Test nich berücksichtigt, so entstehen irreführende Resultate.
    Abstract: Résumé La tolérance à la chaleur est une notion complexe.Trois facteurs doivent Être considérés dans son étude: le milieu thermique, l'organisme animal et une unité de mesure capable d'exprimer quantitativement l'influence du milieu thermique sur l'organisme animal. Un test de tolérance à la chaleur devrait tenir compte des quatre facteurs principaux du milieu thermique: la température, l'humidité, le rayonnement solaire et le vent, car chacun d'eux influence spécifiquement les mécanismes de régulation thermique du corps.La quantité totale de chaleur fournie à un animal au cours d'un test doit Être suffisante pour déclencher des réactions nettes sans causer de troubles pathologiques. Divers caractères morphologiques, comme par exemple l'état du système pileux, peuvent fournir une indication sur la résistance future à la chaleur d'un jeune animal;ceci présente une utilité pratique pour l'éleveur. Parmi les nombreuses mesures physiologiques qui peuvent servir à l'appréciation d'un test de tolérance à la chaleur, la température corporelle est le meilleur critère. Parmi les fonctions physiologiques,l'augmentation du poids du corps semble un critère plus utile que la production de lait. L'examen des différentes méthodes utilisées pour évaluer la tolérance à la chaleur montre qu'aucunes d'elles n'est tout à fait satisfaisante. Une méthode plus appropriée doit Être créée. La résistance à la chaleur d'un jeune animal est influencée par une quantité de facteurs. Les plus importants sont l'âge, la nutrition, les mouvements, les fonctions sexuelles, le travail utile, l'acclimatation, la posture, l'état de santé et l'équilibre affectif. Les résultats d'un test de résistance à la chaleur qui ne tiendrait pas compte de ces facteurs sont douteux.
    Notes: Abstract Heat tolerance is a complex phenomenon. Its study involves three factors: the thermal environment, the animal body and a suitable scale for expressing numerically the effect of the thermal environment on the animal body. Since each of the principal component elements of a thermal environment, temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind, makes specific demands on thermoregulation,it is desirable in a heat tolerance test to consider all of them. The total heat load imposed on an animal should be large enough to evoke a pronounced response, but not so large as to cause damage. Various morphological characters auch as the texture and the colour of the hair coat may have prognostic value, in that they allow a certain prediction to be made of a young animal's future heat tolerance. This is of practical importance for the breeder. Among the many physiological variables body temperature is considered the best single criterion of heat tolerance. Productive performance as an indicator to heat tolerance seems to be more useful in beef cattle than in dairy cattle. From a description of the various methods which have been used for assessing heat tolerance, it is concluded that none of them is entirely satisfactory and that there is a need for an improved method. An animal's capacity for tolerating heat is influenced by a number of modifying factors the nost important of which are age, nutrition, physical activity,reproduction, level of production, acclimatization, management, state of health and emotional balance. Unless these factors are taken into consideration,heat tolerance tests will give misleading results.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 6 (1963), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1961-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1964-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1963-02-01
    Description: 1. Rectal temperatures and respiratory rates have been determined in four calves during 5 hr. exposures to ten different hot environments in a climatic room.2. Among the various parameters based on rectal temperature response, final rectal temperature proved the best for differentiating between the heat tolerance of individual animals. Under conditions of severe heat, where rectal temperature rose almost linearly with time of exposure, tolerance time proved equally suitable.3. Since initial rectal temperature tended to parallel final rectal temperature, the increase in rectal temperature during exposure did not vary significantly between the animals. Increase in rectal temperature was therefore considered a less suitable measure of heat tolerance.4. Both the lowest and the highest panting rate were associated with a low heat tolerance. From this, as well as from other observations and considerations, it was concluded that respiratory rate, either alone or in combination with rectal temperature, was an inadequate measure of heat tolerance.5. A state of high heat tolerance tended to be associated with only a small loss of body weight during exposure to heat, but showed no relation to body weight itself.6. The order of heat tolerance of the four animals was essentially the same in each of the ten hot environments investigated. It was inferred that within the range of temperatures employed in this study the degree of severity of the heat stress was not an important factor in the discrimination of heat tolerance.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1962-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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