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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 1964-06-01
    Description: Experiments with various cultural and fertilizer treatments on stubble land were conducted at five locations on the prairies from 1955 to 1961 to determine their effect on yields of wheat.Significant yield differences between treatments ranged from 4 to 8 bu of wheat per acre at all stations. At Lacombe, Alta., Melfort and Regina, Sask., the highest average yields were obtained from fall or spring burning of the crop residue followed by normal spring operations. At Lacombe and Melfort, alternative methods gave results which were not significantly different from the burn treatments. These included fall plowing or disking at Lacombe and fall cultivating at Melfort. At Indian Head, Sask., plots which were not tilled in the fall but disked the following spring yielded 5 bu per acre more than those that were fall plowed and 2 bu per acre more than those where burning and tillage was employed. The yields from plots at Melita, Man., which were plowed or one-way disked in the fall produced 7 bu per acre more than those which were not fall tilled and only disked prior to seeding.Fertilizer increased yields of wheat significantly at all stations. Nitrogen at 50 lb with phosphate at 20 lb per acre produced the greatest 5-year average yield at Lacombe and Indian Head. At Melfort, Regina, and Melita, similar returns were obtained with applications of 16 to 50 lb of nitrogen plus 20 lb of phosphate per acre.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1964-06-01
    Description: Investigations were undertaken to ascertain the relative abundance of various salts in uncultivated saline soils occurring in southern Saskatchewan. Sampling sites were selected within areas dominated by various native plant species and groups of species. One hundred and nineteen saline profiles in the Brown, Dark Brown, and Black soil zones were studied and classified into five subgroup profile types, which were usually associated in a catenary sequence. The Saline Gleyed Regosol occupied the central portion of depressional areas, followed successively by the Saline Gleysol, and the Saline Meadow, with the Saline Calcareous Chernozem occupying the perimeter of the depression and the Saline Rego Chernozem being transitional to upland soil. Nine species which commonly form extensive stands were associated in their distribution with these subgroup profile types. Analytical data from saturation extracts of samples taken from the 0–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–36 in. depths are discussed with reference to concentration and composition. With one exception, all samples showed a preponderance of sodium and magnesium ions. Soluble sodium percentages in extreme cases exceeded 90%. Sulphates, chlorides, and bicarbonates were present in practically all samples. While sulphate was the predominant anion, significant quantities of chlorides and bicarbonates were present in all profiles.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1962-08-01
    Description: Pre-weighed monocalcium phosphate pellets, containing about 15 milligrams of P, were placed in 200 grams of soil and stored for 2 weeks at four moisture tensions and three temperatures. Pellet residues were then removed and the amount of phosphorus remaining was determined. Small cores containing pellet residues and the surrounding soil contacted by fertilizer solution were removed for determination of water-soluble and total inorganic P. Phosphate phases present at the granule sites and the surrounding soil were identified by their optical properties.The mean amount of phosphorus remaining at the granule sites was 20.2 per cent. Although both moisture tension and temperature significantly affected the quantity of phosphorus retained, no consistent trend was apparent. Residues remaining at the site of application were found to be mixtures of anhydrous and dihydrated dicalcium phosphate, with the latter predominating. Moisture tension and temperature did not greatly alter the proportion of the two phases.Periodic precipitates or Liesegang rings of dicalcium phosphate were formed in the soil surrounding monocalcium phosphate pellets. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate was the predominant phase. The proportion of dihydrated to anhydrous dicalcium phosphate increased as the temperature decreased and as the moisture tension increased.Water-soluble P increased significantly with increased moisture tension and was significantly greater at 5 °C. than at either 16 or 27 °C. The mean of all treatments was 5.6 per cent. Increased amounts of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in the surrounding soil seemed to be responsible for the increase in water solubility.Between 89.5 and 99.2 per cent of the added phosphorus was recovered in the water and acid extracts of soil cores containing about 1.4 cm.3 of soil.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1982-11-01
    Description: Fertilizer tests using hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted in the field from 1967 to 1979 on stubble and fallow land on the major soil types throughout southwestern Saskatchewan. The yield, percent nitrogen and phosphorus in the grain, kernel and volume weights of the grain were measured, and the responses of each of these characteristics to N and P fertilizer were determined. These responses were related to soil measurements of available H2O, NO3-N, NH4-N and sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P, which were taken at seeding time, at depths to 120 cm, and to the monthly rainfall during the growing season. On fallow, nitrogen rates higher than 15 kg N/ha gave little significant increase. The yield increase per kilogram of P applied decreased as the rate of application increased. On stubble, the yield increase per kilogram of N applied decreased for each additional increment of N added, down to 3.1 kg/ha yield increase per kilogram of nitrogen per hectare when the rate of application was increased from 45 to 60 kg N/ha. Regression analysis showed that the soil and the weather variables used accounted for only 20% of the variability in yield on fallow crops and for 40% on stubble crops. Nitrogen content of the grain was only increased by rates of 45 kg N/ha or greater. The P content of grain was decreased by both N and P fertilizer.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1982-05-01
    Description: A shallow subsurface drainage system effectively controlled a high water table and reduced salinity in an irrigated soil near Magrath, Alberta. Plastic corrugated tubing was installed in 1976 at depths of 1.1–1.5 m and spacings of 15 and 30 m in a moderately saline soil. During the irrigation period, the water table rose to within 0.3 m of the surface but was lowered to pre-irrigation levels within 48 h. The water table was maintained at, or below, the depth of the drains between irrigations. The 15- and 30-m spacings of the drain lines were equally effective in providing water table control in this lacustrine soil which was underlain by a coarse sand and gravel layer. Salinity levels were decreased substantially only within the surface 0.3-m soil depth. Quality of the drainage effluent remained constant throughout the growing season with only small dilution effects detected during irrigations. Barley yields increased to 3900 kg/ha in 1978, 2 yr following drainage of this saline soil which had been out of crop production for 20 yr.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-03-01
    Description: Seedlings of three birch species were exposed biweekly to 2358 μg/m3 (0.9 ppm) SO2 for 2 h from May to September 1977. Leaf sulfur content of the birch foliage increased following exposure to SO2, but sulfur accumulation was not correlated with visible injury. Relative susceptibility was significantly correlated with preexposure leaf conductance rates of Betulanigra L. and B. papyrifera Marsh., but not for B. pubescens Ehrh. Leaf conductance rates were not correlated with sulfur accumulation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: The first 12 yr (1967–1978) of an ongoing crop rotation study being conducted on a Brown Chernozemic loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, has already been assessed for yield, economics and soil N changes. In this paper the effect of crop rotation, N and P fertilizer and environmental factors on NaHCO3-extractable in-organic P (bicarbonate-P) and plant P were assessed. The soil had a high level of bicarbonate-P at the initiation of the experiment. Withholding P fertilizer for 12 yr did not reduce the level of bicarbonate-P but, frequent P application, using generally recommended rates of P, increased the bicarbonate-P in the top 15 cm of soil; the bicarbonate-P levels below 15-cm depth were unchanged. Bicarbonate-P changes during fallowing were significantly related to changes occurring in cropped treatments (r = 0.62** to 0.85**). There was no evidence of net P mineralization. Between spring and fall 66–88% of the variability in bicarbonate-P occurring in the top 15 cm of soil was related to soil moisture, air temperature, and their interaction. Invariably, bicarbonate-P increased between late fall and spring thaw. P uptake by plants was linearly related to time through to shot blade stage; the rate slowed thereafter, but uptake continued to maturity. The amount of P uptake was directly related to dry matter yield and positively influenced by N fertilizer. It was concluded that bicarbonate-P might not be the best indication of P availability and that a more detailed study of the cycling of P in these rotations would be invaluable. Key words: Bicarbonate-P, uptake, temperature effects, moisture effects
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    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1962-02-01
    Description: Four soil profiles were characterized as to nitrogen, carbon, clay and polysaccharide content. Direct extractions of the soils were also made with 1N HF-HCl and an acetic anhydride-pyridine mixture and 1.0 N NaOH. Two NaOH extractions of the lower horizons, with and without auxiliary acidic treatments between the first and second to facilitate the release of organic matter, were used to evaluate certain clay-organic matter relationships.Polysaccharide content and the C:N ratios generally decreased with depth in all soils. Of the direct extractants of organic matter NaOH was the most efficient and HF-HCl and acetic anhydride-pyridine solutions were generally ineffective. However, some accumulation of HF-HCl soluble organic matter was noted in the A2 and B2 horizons of two of the soils. The organic solvents were most effective in removing organic matter from the B2 horizons.The use of auxiliary treatments (HF-HCl, H2SO4 or both) between the first and second NaOH extractions greatly enhanced the release of the organic matter by the second NaOH extraction from the B2, Bsa and C horizons of these soils. With the exception of the A2 horizons a combined HF-HCl 2nd H2SO4 pretreatment was superior to HF-HCl or H2SO4 used alone. The retentive capacity of the clay for soil organic matter was greatest in the C and Bsa horizons as determined by the intensity of the extracting conditions necessary to effect solubilization of the organic matter into the second alkali solutions.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1962-08-01
    Description: The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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