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  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1960-1964  (10)
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  • 1
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    Water as a Chain-transferring Agent in Vinyl Polymerization (1962)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water as a Chain-transferring Agent in Vinyl Polymerization (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 1197-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tert-butjl alcohol wTas selected as the solvent to keep the mixture of water and methyl methacrylate in a homogeneous phase. 1 : 1 ratio of tert-butyl alcohol and methyl methacrylate was taken and different weighed amount of water was added to the ampoule. Polymerization was carried out at 60 + ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1951197a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate with the use of bromine as photoinitiator (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 2021-2030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low concentrations of bromine (0.008-0.06M) were used to initiate photopolymerization of MMA in bulk and in diluted (near bulk) systems, the diluents or solvents used being benzene, toluene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, and methanol. Polymerization in bulk follows usual free-radical kinetics. Inert solvents (benzene, toluene) as well as the other solvents used enhance the rate of polymerization MMA even when used in the range of catalytic concentrations (0.04-0.4M). An initiation mechanism involving solvent molecules appears to be predominant in diluted systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110821
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate with the use of iodine as the photoinitiator (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetics of photopolymerization of MMA at 40°C with the use of iodine as the photoinitiator was studied. At low range of iodine concentration (〈 0.0004M), the rate of polymerization was proportional to square root of iodine concentration and the monomer exponent was 2.5, while at a higher range of iodine concentration, (0.0005-0.002M) the initiator exponent and monomer exponent were zero and 3.6-3.8 (i.e., close to 4), respectively. The chain-transfer constant of iodine at 40°C was found to be 6.0. Polymerization was found to be largely inhibited in the presence of relatively high concentrations of iodine (〉 0.005M) and also in presence of hydroquinone. Kinetic and other data indicate a radical mechanism of polymerization involving complexation of monomer molecules with iodine prior to radical generation, and termination is believed to take place bimolecularly at low iodine concentrations and unimolecularly, involving reaction with iodine, at high iodine concentrations (initiator termination).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of sulfur compounds in vinyl and related polymerizationThis work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through grant No. NsG-100. (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 5 (1971), S. 195-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.230050103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bisulfite-initiated vinyl polymerization in aqueous media (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 80 (1964), S. 208-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation einiger Vinylmonomerer wie z. B. Methylmethacrylat, Äthylmethacrylat, Methacrylsäure und Styrol wird in wäßriger Phase durch Bisulfit ausgelöst. Bei anderen Vinylverbindungen, wie. z. B. Acrylnitril, Vinylacetat, Methylacrylat und Acrylsäure tritt unter den gleichen Bedingungen Jedoch Keine Polymerisation ein.Der Mechanismus der Startreaktion wird diskutiert.In bezug auf die Bisulfit-Konzentration verläuft die Polymerisation des Methylmethacrylats nahezu nach der 0,5 ten Ordnung.Die quantitative Endgruppenbestimmung mittels einer kolorimetrischen Technik ergab einen Gehalt von etwa 2 Sulfonat-Endgruppen (-SO3H) pro Makromolekül. Sulfat-Endgruppen (-OSO3H) wurden nicht gefunden. Bei sehr geringen Initiatorkonzentrationen ( 〈 0,005 mol/l) wurden einige Hydroxylgruppen gefunden; jedoch ergab sich auch in diesen Fällen die Summe von Sulfonat- und Hydroxylendgruppen zu 2 pro Makromolekül.
    Notes: Bisulfite initiates aqueous polymerization of certain vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and styrene but it fails in case of acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methylacrylate, and acrylic acid under identical conditions.The mechanism of initiation has been discussed.Catalyst exponent of this initiator with respect to methyl methacrylate is near about 0.5. Quantitative determination of endgroup by dye techniques of the polymers obtained show that about 2 sulfonate (-SO3H) endgroups are present per chain in almost all cases. No sulphate endgroup (-OSO3H) is ever found. In case of very low initiator concentration ( 〈 0.005 mole/1.), some hydroxyl endgroups are also found in general but the total (sulfonate and hydroxyl combined) amounts to about 2 per polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1964.020800118
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of carboxyl endgroups in vinyl polymers by the dye-interaction method (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 1225-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The possibility of quantitative estimation of carboxyl groups in polymers by the dyeinteraction method developed in this laboratory has been investigated. The benzene extract of rhodamine 6Gx from a buffer of pH 10 under specified conditions has been used as the reagent. The estimation has been made by colorimetric measurement at 515 mμ of the color developed by mixing a solution of the polymer in benzene with the reagent. Copolymers of styrene (or methyl methacrylate of vinyl acetate) with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or maleic anhydride at varying M1:M2 ratios in the 100:1 composition range have been prepared, and the monomer reactivity ratio r1 (which under such conditions becomes equal to the ratio of the mole-per cent of carboxyl in the feed to that in the copolymer) has been determined. The result agrees fairly well with the value of r1 reported in the literature. This indicates that the proposed method is capable of estimating fairly accurately the carboxyl groups or endgroups present in a polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205816678
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of hydroxyl endgroups in vinyl polymer. Part II. Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by salts or complexes of some metals in their higher oxidation states (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 2817-2826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Hydroxyl endgroups have been incorporated in polymers of methyl methacrylate obtained by initiation with salts or complexes of Mn4+, Ce4+, Co3+, and Ag3+ with the monomer in aqueous solution. Hydroxyl and carboxyl endgroups in the respective polymer samples have been estimated with the help of the dye interaction technique. Initiation with Mn4+ and Ce4+ ions in dilute H2SO4 medium in the dark at room temperature has been found to incorporate an average of about 2 hydroxyl endgroups per polymer chain. Initiation with potassium trioxalato cobaltate (III) complex has been carried out both in the dark and in the presence of ultraviolet light at room temperature, and both carboxyl and hydroxyl endgroups have been characterized in the polymers formed. An average total of 1 endgroup (both COOH and OH combined) per polymer chain has been obtained in case of photoinitiation, and about 2 per polymer chain in the case of thermal initiation in dark. Polymerization in the dark at room temperature has been carried out in neutral medium with ethylene dibiguanidinium nitrate complex of tripositive silver as the initiator, and an average of 2 hydroxyl endgroups per polymer chain has been found to be incorporated in the process.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100020631
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endgroup studies in persulfate-initiated vinyl polymer by dye techniques. Part I. Initiation by persulfate alone (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 4433-4440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Quantitative determination of endgroups of poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene and poly(vinyl acetate) obtained by aqueous initiation with K2S2O8 under varied conditions have been made by the application of two sensitive dye techniques, called the dye partition technique and the dye interaction technique. The description of the dye techniques are given in detail. Sulfate (OSO3-) and hydroxyl (OH) endgroups are generally found to be incorporated in the polymers to an average total of 1.5 to 2.5 endgroups per polymer chain. Hydroxyl endgroups are always present to a fairly large extent. The proportion of sulfate endgroups in polymers is highly dependent on the pH of the polymerizing medium; it increases with the alkalinity of the medium and sharply decreases under acid conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100021013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of halogen in copolymers by dye-partition technique and calculation of r1 therefrom (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 1365-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Halogen-bearing polymers have been prepared by copolymerization of monomers (M1) such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate with traces of chlorine-bearing monomers (M2) such as allyl chloride and tetrachloroethylene at varying M1:M2 ratios in the 100:1 composition range. The halogen atoms in the copolymers were transformed to quaternary pyridinium halide groups by quaternization with pyridine. The copolymer compositions and the monomer reactivity ratio r1 were determined by the estimation of the quaternary halide groups in the copolymers by the dye-partition technique, with aqueous disulfine blue VN150 in 0.01M hydrochloric acid as the dye reagent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100020333
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