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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,743)
  • 1965-1969  (2,743)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylation of cellulose I and II studied by limiting viscosity and X-ray diffractionPaper presented in part at 153rd meeting of the American Chemical Society in Miami, Florida, April, 1967. (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 745-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: When cellulose triacetates and some hydrolyzed acetates are boiled in 2.5N hydrochloric acid there is no residue. Under the same conditions cellulose is hydrolyzed, and a residue is obtained with a limiting viscosity that is related to the average length of the cellulose crystallites. These findings are combined to develop a method for studying the progress of acetylation through the amorphous portion of cellulose and into the crystallites, and to investigate the relative reactivities of cellulose I and cellulose II. Acetates were made from cotton and wood cellulose by a “fibrous” (heterogeneous) esterification involving sulfoacetic acid or perchloric acid catalyst in acetic acid-acetic anhydride; the final acetyl contents (10-41%) were attained by stopping the reaction at various points short of the triester (rather than by hydrolyzing a triester). When these acetates were boiled in 2.5N HCI they did not disappear completely, and the residues were cellulose I, indicating that cellulose acetate had been removed. With increasing acetyl the yield of residue decreased, and beyond about 33% acetyl the viscosity and x-ray measurements showed that the length and width of the crystallites decreased. However, when a nonsolvent such as toluene was added to the acetylation medium, the limiting viscosity did not change over the same acetyl range (up to 40%). Samples of varying acetyl values were taken during a regular acetylation of cotton linters in a mixer with sulfuric acid catalyst. X-ray studies of the residues obtained by boiling the acetates in 2.5N HCI revealed the presence of unreacted cellulose I even after 40% acetyl had been reached. This explains why the manufacture of cellulose esters from cellulose I requires complete esterification before they are hydrolyzed to the desired acetyl level. It was shown that there is a distinct difference between the acetylation reactivity of cellulose I and cellulose II. This indicates the importance of avoiding cellulose II formation during the refinement of cellulose for the manufacture of cellulose acetate in a process involving activation with acetic acid.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060410
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in the replication of viral RNAThese investigations were supported by U.S. Public Health Service research grant CA-01094 from the National Cancer Institute, and by grant GB-4876 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 70 (1967), S. 35-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Experiments will be described which demonstrate that the product of purified “Qβ-replicase” is fully competent to serve both as a template and as a program for the synthesis of complete virus particles. The use of mutant RNA has permitted the demonstration that nucleic acid is the instructive agent in the replication process and hence satisfies the definition of a self-duplicating entity. Methods have been devised to examine the product both physically and biologically with a minimum of manipulation and with complete recovery of product and input template. A detailed analysis of every interval of synthesis has thus become possible. These technical advances have permitted us to demonstrate the existence of a latent period prior to the appearance of the first new complete infectious RNA molecules. Further, this latent period is accompanied by an eclipse of the input templates as infectious agents. The use of electrophoretic separation on acrylamide gels has yielded a detailed account of both templates and early product during the latent period, with the consequent identification of the intermediate stages. The resulting data and their implications for the mechanism of RNA replication will be discussed.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040700405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow in concentric annuli at high reynolds numbers (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 1086-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is proposed and developed for predicting velocity profiles in smooth, concentric annuli at high Reynolds numbers from the profiles in equivalent tubes. Experimental data for the flow of water in two annuli with diameter ratios of 14.8 and 38.2 at Reynolds numbers up to 226,000 strongly support the predictions. Published data show the method to be successful over a very wide range of diameter ratios.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillations of drops falling in a liquid field (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations for nineteen pure systems were measured photographically. The period of oscillation was longer than that predicted by Lamb. The discrepancy was not due to wall effects, viscosity, or velocity of fall but to amplitude of oscillation. Modification of previous expressions included an amplitude function which could be experimental or empirical. Oscillations began near the peak velocity, and a vortex trail was necessary for them to take place. Oblate-prolate oscillations did not cause drop breakup, as all systems ceased to oscillate and wobbled randomly below maximum drop size. Oscillations do not decay with time.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static pressure and velocity profiles in swirling incompressible tube flow (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phenomenon of reversing axial flow in swirling incompressible flow through a tube has been investigated experimentally. The study was carried out in a 2 in. I.D. test section of plexiglass tubing 10 ft. long. The swirl was introduced by injection of the total fluid stream through two symmetric tangential inlets perpendicular to the tube. Measurements have been made with specially constructed stagnation and static pressure probes.Velocity and pressure profiles obtained for tests conducted at four Reynold's Numbers in one fixed geometrical configuration are presented and discussed in general terms. Swirl decay rate is characterized in a plot of weighted tangential velocity/inlet velocity ratio versus distance along the test section from the inlets. A model presented by a previous investigator to explain the flow reversal phenomenon is discussed in the light of present work. Finally the data is used in an order of magnitude analysis to reduce the turbulent Navier-Stokes equation describing the flow to simpler (though still indeterminate) form.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl α-cyanoacrylate. II. Copolymerization studiesPresented in part at the 136th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 1959. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization of methyl alpha;--cyanoacrylate with five reference monomers gave values e = +2.1 and of log Q = 0.65, with much scatter in the latter value. Alternating copolymers are formed by copolymerization with monomers of e = -0.8 or less. Bulk copolymerization with such monomers could not be accomplished, as a rapid noncatalyzed polymerization occurred upon mixing even at 0°C. Random copolymers with methyl methacrylate could be prepared in bulk; those with ca. 10% methyl methacrylate had physical properties similar to the homopolymer of methyl α--cyanoacrylate, except that the heat distortion temperature was lowered 10-15°C. The alternating copolymers were more thermally stable than the random copolymers. Glass temperature values for alternating copolymers do not appear to agree with values predicted from equations for random copolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of anionic polymerization of styrene and α-methylstyrene. Effects of counter-ion and solvent (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 89 (1965), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1965.020890119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of polystyrene and some polychlorostyrenes from 4°K to room temperature (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1721-1733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric measurements of carefully purified specimens of polystyrene and poly(2,3,4 or 3,4-chlorostyrene) have been obtained at audio frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 20 kHz and at temperatures between 4 and 300°K. Each of the samples exhibits a dielectric loss maximum in the range 15-50°K. The temperature of the maximum loss decreases with the addition of a substituent which lowers the symmetry of the pendant phenyl group. The results are explained by a model which invokes a coupling mechanism between two distinct modes of side group motions. This same model also explains some results of previously reported measurements of mechanical losses in similar polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160071008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifizierung der als «6β, 15α-Dihydroxyprogesteron», «11α, 15β-Dihydroxyprogesteron» und «12α, 15β-Dihydroxyprogesteron» beschriebenen Steroide mit 12α, 15β-Dihydroxyprogesteron14. Mitteilung über Reaktionen mit Mikroorganismen, 13. Mitteilung vgl. [1]; bzw. Microbiological Transformations XIV, für XIII vgl. [2]; bzw. 14. Mitt. über mikrobiologische Reaktionen, 13. Mitt. vgl. [3]. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 48 (1965), S. 1933-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The microbial transformation products described as «6β, 15α-dihydroxy-progesterone», «11α, 15β-dihydroxy-progesterone» and «12β-dihydroxy-progesterone» are shown to be identical and to possess the structure of 12β, 15α-dihydroxy-progesterone (1).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of cyclic urea derivatives on their reactivities with cotton (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1949-1963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the cyclic urea influenced the rate of reaction with cotton cellulose and the mechanism by which reaction occurred. Reaction of N, N′-dimethylolethylene-urea (DMEU) and N, N′-dimethylolpropyleneurea (DMPU) with cellulose in presence of inorganic salt catalysts proceeded through methylol hydroxyls and at the same rate; but reaction mechanism differed. With DMEU, N → metal ion coordination occurred and SN2 mechanism prevailed. With DMPU, O → metal ion coordination resulted.Reaction of dihydroxyethylene urea (DHEU), N, N′-dimethyldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU), and N, N′-dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) with cotton cellulose proceeded through ring hydroxyls with the formation of a carbonium ion, indicating an SN1 mechanism. The much faster rate of reaction with DMeDHEU than with DHEU was attributed to the more electronegative environment of its ring hydroxyl, while the much slower rate of reaction of DMDHEU was attributed to hydrogen bonding between its methylol and ring hydroxyls.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130914
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