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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleophilie und Isomeren-Verhältnis bei der nucleophilen Addition an substituierte Dehydroaromaten (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 2074-2085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Bei der Addition verschiedener Nucleophile an unsymmetrische Dehydroaromaten erhält man keineswegs ein konstantes Isomeren-Verhältnis. Dieses hängt vielmehr von der Nucleophilie des Addenden ab, wie aus der Addition von Äthanol an verschiedene Dehydroaromaten und besonders aus der Addition von LiCl, LiBr und LiJ an 3.4-Dehydro-toluol folgt. Zusätzlich hängt das Additionsverhältnis von LiCl noch von den Solvatationseigenschaften des Lösungsmittels ab.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980705
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of polar filament discharge and sporoplasm expulsion by microsporidian spores (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 38-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cytomechanics ; invasion mechanisms ; kinematic analysis ; parasites ; protoplasm flow ; video microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Spores of the microsporidium Nosema algerae were stimulated to germinate in vitro while observed with video-enhanced contrast microscopy. Field-by-field playback of tape-recorded sequences yielded the first serial illustrations and kinematic analysis of the explosive discharge of the polar filament and the sporoplasm. The filament emerges from the anterior pole of the spore in a regularly pitched helicoidal course along a nearly straight axis, with a mean maximum instant velocity of 105 μm/s. Just before elongation is completed the filament tip follows a tortuous path that often results in a curved or spiralling terminal configuration. Then elongation stops and, after a lag that may vary from less than 15 to over 500 ms, the sporoplasm pours out at the filament tip forming a globule that quickly grows up to a size larger than its original volume within the spore. Concomitantly, the helical filament becomes straightened and frequently the spore body is pulled forward. Thereafter a relaxed filament, usually 5-10% shorter than when maximally extended, remains connecting the empty spore case and the sporoplasmic droplet. Experiments with hyperosmolar media produced a considerable slowdown of filament extrusion and often precluded sporoplasm discharge. The present results are fully consistent with the hypothesis of a hydrostatic pressure-triggered mechanism of spore germination, and revealed that the process is composed of two discrete phases separated by a variable lag: (1) complete eversion of the polar filament, and (2) passage of the main sporoplasm mass along the tube. The data provide a preliminary basis toward the conception of a quantitative physical model of microsporidian spore germination. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220105
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dependence on growth phase and temperature of the composition of a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): biomass energetic yield ; cyanobacterial composition ; degree of reduction ; growth temperature ; heat of combustion ; maintenance coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of growth pahase and temperature on the molecular and elemental composition of Anabaena variabilis cells grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions have been studied in batch cultures. Irrespective of the growth temperature, this cyanobacterium underwent a gradual increase in its protein and lipid contents in the transition from exponential to deceleration pahse that was accompanied by a parallel decrease in carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Also in response to this, transition increases in carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents with a concomitant decline in oxygen content was a common pattern for all growth temperatures tested. Whereas temperature rise did not affect significantly the protein and carbohydrate contents in exponentially growing cells, for cells in the deceleration phase proteins declined and carbohydrates increased with increasing temperature. From growth and elemental composition data several bioenergetic parameters were derived for A. variabilis cells. Both aging of cultures and rise in temperature resulted in increases of both biomass degree of reduction and heat of combustion. Nevertheless, biomass energetic yield was only slightly affected by variations in growth temperature and the maintenance coefficient was virtually constant within the range of temperatures tested. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400606
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular details of the midgut of Cryptocellus boneti (Arachnida: Ricinulei) (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 220 (1994), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The midgut of Cryptocellus boneti was studied by light and electron microscopy. The epithelia of the diverticula and of the anterior part of the midgut tube are composed of two cell types: digestive and secretory. In contrast, the epithelia of posterior part of the midgut tube and of the stercoral pocket consist of one type of cells only. In some places, parts of the midgut system are connected by an intermediate tissue. Digestive cells are characterized by an apical system of tubules, nutritional vacuoles, and spherites; characteristic features of secretory cells are secretory granules and a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cells of the midgut tube appear not to be involved in the absorption of food. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052200305
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic and equilibrium study of the interaction of N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-3, 4-Dimethyl-2, 6-Dinitroaniline with hydroxide ion (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Schlagwort(e): Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The reversible interaction of N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline (1) with HO- is characterized by several kinetic processes. The relaxation times of two of them were measured. It is suggested that the faster one is related to the protonation-deprotonation of the 3-methyl group and the value of the protonation rate is 0.19 s-1. The slowest process leads to the dianionic species with maximum absorption at 340 nm where one HO- group adds to the unsubstituted ring position of an anion derived from 1 by deprotonation of either the NH or the 3-methyl group. The rate and equilibrium constants for the formation of this species are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610040504
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization by phase transfer catalysis. 12. Poly(ether-ester)s from (2,2-bis(1,4-phenyleneoxy)-propylidene)-diacetic acid and related diacids with diphenolsFor part 11, see ref. [14] (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 42 (1991), S. 398-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Aus 2,2-Bis(1,4-phenylenoxy)-propyliden-diessigsäure und ähnlichen Disäuren sowie Diphenolen wurden unter Verwendung verschiedener Ammonium- und Phosphoniumsalze als Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren Poly(ether-ester) synthetisiert. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit Benzyltriethylammoniumchlorid erzielt, das ein hydrophiler Katalysator ist, der die Hydrolyse der Polymerketten nicht beschleunigt. Auch andere Oniumsalze erwiesen sich als wirksame Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren. Die Polymere wurden mittels IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie durch Elementaranalyse charakterisiert. Die Molmassen wurden durch Messung der Eigenviskosität ermittelt.
    Notizen: Poly(ether-ester)s from (2,2-bis(1,4-phenyleneoxy)-propylidene)-diacetic acid and related diacids with diphenols were synthesized using several ammonium and phosphonium salts as phase transfer catalysts. The best results were obtained with benzyltriethylammonium chloride, which is a hydrophilie catalyst that not promotes hydrolysis of the polymeric chains. Other onium salts also were effective as phase transfer catalysts. Polymers were characterized by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Molecular weights were estimated by inherent viscosity measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1991.010420813
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Finite element solution of flow between eccentric cylinders with viscous dissipation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 849-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Finite elements ; Navier-stokes ; Rotating cylinders ; Viscous dissipation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A computational study of viscous flow between two eccentrically rotating cylinders is presented in which the effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The space discretization is based on piecewise linear finite elements with velocity stabilization, while the method of characteristics is used for time integration. Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the adopted approach.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110610
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PDGF-stimulated fibroblast proliferation is enhanced synergistically by receptor-recognized α2-Macroglobulin (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 145 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: α-Macroglobulins derived from plasma or secreted by macrophages are plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) binding proteins that compete with cell-surface receptors on fibroblasts for PDGF binding. α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) derived from bovine plasma was tested for its ability to modulate the PDGF-induced proliferation of primary passage rat lung fibroblasts (RLFs) and a human skin fibroblast cell line (CRL 1508). Fibroblasts were grown in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 hr, then washed with serum-free medium before adding serum-free defined medium (SFDM) containing insulin and transferrin. To this medium were added varying concentrations of human plasma-derived AB-PDGF and α2M, alone or in combination. Receptor-recognized α2M was prepared by treatment with methylamine. Both native α2M and the α2M-methylamine (α2M-MA) were tested for growth promoting activity in the absence or presence of PDGF. After 3 days, a concentration-dependent growth curve of fibroblast proliferation was demonstrated for PDGF alone, with near maximal stimulation reached at 15-20 ng/ml PDGF. α2M and α2M-MA alone had no effect on cell proliferation. However, α2M-MA concentrations above 32 μg/ml synergistically enhanced PDGF-stimulated proliferation 〉100% in the presence of 15 ng/ml PDGF. Native α2M enhanced PDGF-stimulated growth 80-100% above PDGF controls only at low concentrations (32-64 μg/ml α2M). High concentrations of native α2M (128-256 μg/ml) either had no effect on growth or were inhibitory to PDGF-stimulated growth, depending on the cell type tested. Rat lung fibroblasts were shown to secrete a factor(s) that inhibited the trypsin-binding capacity of native α2M. We further demonstrated that early passage RLFs possess specific cell-surface receptors for [125I]-PDGF and [125I]-α2M-MA, and preincubation of RLFs with α2M-MA increased the specific binding of [125I]-PDGF to the cell surface of these fibroblasts. Considered together, these data support the view that receptor-recognized α2M synergistically enhances the proliferative capacity of PDGF. We postulate that receptor-recognized αMs enhance PDGF-stimulated growth by increasing the local concentration of PDGF at the cell surface, where the PDGF could be released in close proximity to its own receptors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041450102
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in liver and kidney during acidosis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 12 (1994), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Schlagwort(e): Carboxylation ; transport ; fasting ; exercise ; acidosis ; gluconeogenesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Pyruvate transport and carboxylation have been determined in mitochondria from liver and kidney cortex isolated from Wistar rats with acidosis produced by three different treatments: fasting, exercise and ingestion of ammonium chloride. Fasting for 48 h or swimming for 2 h resulted in an increased rate of CO2 fixation by mitochondria from both organs incubated with pyruvate. This increase was accompanied by a rise in the rate of pyruvate transport in all cases except in mitochondria derived from the kidney of the fasted animals. Acute acidosis produced by the ingestion of ammonium chloride resulted in increases in pyruvate transport and carboxylation in kidney mitochondria, but a drop in pyruvate carboxylation was observed in mitochondria from the liver. The results are discussed in terms of the differential regulation of the mitochondria steps for gluconeogenesis from three carbon precursors in liver and kidney, taking into consideration the hormonal status of the animals and the prevailing available substrates in each condition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290120402
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-term adaptive response to dietary protein of hexose monophosphate shunt dehydrogenases in rat kidney tubules (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 8 (1990), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Schlagwort(e): Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; isolated kidney tubules ; dietary regulation ; kinetic analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We have studied the effects of several different macronutrients on the kinetic behaviour of rat renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). Rats were meal-fed with high-carbohydrate/low-protein, high-protein/low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. High-protein increased renal G6PDH and 6PDGH activities by 66 per cent and 70 per cent respectively, without significantly changing the Km values of either and each Hexose monophosphate dehydrogenase activity increased steadily, reaching a significant difference on day 4. A rise in carbohydrate or fat in the diets, produced no significant change in either the activity or the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km of the two dehydrogenases. In addition, the administration of a high-protein diet for 8 days significantly increased both the pentose phosphate pathway flux (92·6 per cent) and the kidney weight (35 per cent), whereas no significant changes in these parameters were found when the animals were treated with the other diets. Our results suggest that an increase in the levels of dietary protein induces a rise in the intracellular levels of these enzymes. The possible role of this metabolic pathway in the kidneys under these nutritional conditions is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290080103
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