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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rosen, George: Democracy and Economic Change in India : Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1966 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 3 (1969), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00002419
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    The toroidal bubble (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1968-04-09
    Description: It has been observed by Walters & Davidson (1963) that release of a mass of gas in water sometimes produces a rising toroidal bubble. This paper is concerned with the history of such a bubble, given that at the initial instant the motion is irrotational everywhere in the water. The variation of its overall radius a with time may be predicted from the vertical impulse equation, and it should be possible to make the same prediction by equating the rate of loss of combined kinetic and potential energy to the rate of viscous dissipation. This is indeed seen to be the case, but not before it is recognized that in a viscous fluid vorticity will continually diffuse out from the bubble surface, destroying the irrotationality of the motion, and necessitating an examination of the distribution of vorticity. The impulse equation takes the same form as in an inviscid fluid, but the energy equation is severely modified. Other results include an evaluation of the effect of a hydrostatic variation in bubble volume, and a prediction of the time which will have elapsed before the bubble becomes unstable under the action of surface tension.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 3
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    On the instability of rapidly rotating shear flows to non-axisymmetric disturbances (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1968-02-26
    Description: The stability is considered of the flow with velocity components [ {0,Omega r[1+O(epsilon^2)],;2epsilonOmega r_0f(r/r_0)} ] (where f(x) is a function of order one) in cylindrical polar co-ordinates (r, ϕ, z), bounded by the rigid cylinders r/r0 = x1 and r/r0 = 1 (0 [les ] x1 〈 1). When ε [Lt ] 1, the flow is shown to be unstable to non-axisymmetric inviscid disturbances of sufficiently large axial wavelength. The case of Poiseuille flow in a rotating pipe is considered in more detail, and the growth rate of the most rapidly growing disturbance is found to be 2εΩ.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
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    The stability of rotating flows with a cylindrical free surface (1967)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1967-10-17
    Description: The stability to small inviscid disturbances of a rotating flow, whose velocity components in cylindrical polars (r, 0, z) are (0, V(r), 0), is investigated when one boundary of the flow (r = b) is a free surface under the action of surface tension (γ), and the other is either at infinity, or a rigid cylinder (r = a ≠ b), or at the axis (r = 0). The free surface may be the inner or the outer boundary. A necessary and sufficient condition for stability to axisymmetric disturbances is derived, which requires that Rayleigh's criterion of increasing circulation be satisfied, and otherwise depends only on b, V(b), γ and the density of the swirling liquid. This condition may be extended to include non-axisymmetric disturbances when V ∝ 1/r and when V ∝ r although in the latter case it is no longer a necessary one. It is shown that, in the case V ∝ r, as well as V ∝ 1/r, the ‘most unstable’ disturbance on a rotating column of fluid will be non-axisymmetric if the rotation speed at the surface is sufficiently great. Several applications of the theory are suggested, and a possible experiment to test it is described.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
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    The viscous vortex induced by a sink on the axis of a circulating fluid in the presence of a plane free surface (1969)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1969-04-14
    Description: The flow under discussion represents an idealization of the bath-tub vortex; distortions of the free surface, finite sink size, and all rigid boundaries have been eliminated from the problem in order to isolate the effect of the non-uniform stretching of vortex lines produced by the sink flow. A boundary-layer type of approximation is made about the axis, which requires that the meridional Reynolds number (N) be large, and since the problem is still intractable, an expansion is made in powers ofK=R2/N(whereRis the swirl Reynolds number), which measures the strength of the interaction between the swirl and meridional velocity fields. In the limit of zeroKthe flow is a modified Burgers vortex whose radius decreases to zero at the sink. For non-zeroK, the interaction is not restricted to the vortex core, because the presence of the vortex modifies the outer irrotational flow, inducing a radial mass flux into the core, whose dependence on the axial co-ordinate is calculated to the first order inK.The structure of the core is obtained, again to the first order inK, from two co-ordinate expansions, one near the stagnation point on the axis, and the other near the sink, although only the first few terms of the latter can be determined explicitly. It is shown how the methods can be extended not only to higher orders inK, but also to any other narrow viscous vortex in which the vortex lines are stretched non-uniformly away from an internal stagnation point.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
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    On the instability of viscous flow in a rapidly rotating pipe (1969)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1969-01-16
    Description: The stability of almost fully developed viscous flow in a rotating pipe is considered. In cylindrical polar co-ordinates (r, ø, z) this flow has the velocity components [ {W_0o(1),quadOmega r[1+o(epsilon)],quad W_0[1-r^2/r^2_0+o(1)]},_{+}^{+} ] where ε = Wo/2Ωr0 and is bounded externally by the rigid cylinder r = r0, which rotates about its axis with angular velocity Ω. In the limit of small ε, the disturbance equations can be solved in terms of Bessel functions and it is shown that, in that limit, the flow is unstable for Reynolds numbers R = Wor0/v greater than Rc [asymp ] 82[sdot ]9. The unstable disturbances take the form of growing spiral waves, which are stationary relative to the rotating cylinder and the critical disturbance at R = Rc has azimuthal wave-number 1 and axial wavelength 2πr0/ε. Furthermore, it is shown that the most rapidly growing disturbance for R 〉 Rc has an azimuthal wave-number which increases with R. Some of the problems involved in testing the results by experiment are discussed and a possible application to the theory of vortex breakdown is mentioned. In an appendix this instability is shown to be an example of inertial instability.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
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    The action of rumen bacterial hemicellulases on pasture plant hemicellulose fractions (1965)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1965-06-01
    Description: 1. Extracts containing hemicellulase activity were prepared from mixed rumen bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens cells by mechanical disruption.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Studies on the efficiency of mating in the sheep II. The effect of freedom of rams, paddock size, and age of ewes (1961)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1961-08-01
    Description: A factorial experiment is described in which thirty-six aged and thirty-six maiden spayed crossbred ewes were used in four successive tests at intervals of 15 days in a study of factors affecting the detection of oestrus. Variates introduced into each test were: (a) freedom of rams (free or tethered); (b) size of mating paddock (17 acres or ⅕ acre); (c) age of ewe (maiden or aged); and (d) dose of oestrogen (oestradiol benzoate, ODB: 10·0, 15·6, 24·4 μg.).All ewes were primed with progesterone for 12 days prior to ODB injection and joining. The number of ewes detected in oestrus and the number and identity of rams which served each ewe were recorded.In the four successive tests 29, 33, 36 and 30 ewes were served.Significant main effects were: (a) freedom of rams—free 77, tethered, 51 (P 〈 0·001); (b) size of mating paddock—17 acres 49, ⅕ acre 79 (P 〈 0·001); (c) age of ewes—aged 57, maiden 71 (P 〈 0·05); and (d) dose of ODB—10·0 μg., 20; 15·6 μg., 41; 24·4 μg., 67 (P 〈 0·001).Significant interactions were: (a) test number × age (P = 0·01), and (b) test number × dose of ODB (P 〈 0·05). The number of maiden ewes served increased and that of aged ewes decreased withsuccessive tests. There was a barely significant ohange in the slope of the ODB D/R line.Ewes showed no obvious preference for tethered rams of any particular breed. There was a positive correlation between the performance of rams when free and tethered.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
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    Studies on the efficiency of mating in the sheep I. The effect of paddock size and number of rams (1961)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1961-08-01
    Description: A factorial experiment is described in which seventy-two spayed crossbred ewes were used in four successive tests at intervals of 15 days in a study of factors affecting the detection of oestrus. Variates introduced in each test were: (a) number of rams to eighteen ewes (one or three); (b) size of mating paddock (17 acres or ⅕ acre); (c) dose of oestrogen (oestradiol benzoate, ODB: 10·0, 15·6, 24·4 μg.).All ewes were primed with progesterone for 12 days prior to ODB injection and joining. The number of ewes detected in oestrus and the mean number of ewes served per ram were recorded.In the four successive tests, thirty-two, fortyseven, forty-six and forty-one ewes were served (P 〈 0·05). Three rams working together detected ninety-eight ewes in oestrus while rams working individually detected sixty-eight (P 〈 0·001). Size of mating paddock had no significant effect (17 acres, 89; Jacre, 77).The mean number of ewes marked per ram when used singly was indistinguishable from the mean number when rams were in groups of three (8·5 and 9·3). This resulted in multiple coverage of oestrous ewes when group joined (average 2·3 rams per ewe).
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    The time of ovulation and efficiency of fertilization following progesterone and pregnant mare serum treatment in the cyclic ewe (1961)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1961-08-01
    Description: A factorial experiment designed to determine the time of ovulation relative to oestrus and to the cessation of progesterone treatment in cyclic maiden ewes, and subsequent fertilization of ova, is described. Seventy-two ewes were used. Factors were: (a) type of service (natural v. A.I with fresh undiluted semen v. A.I. with semen diluted 1:1 with heated cows' milk); (b) frequency of progesterone (daily v. every 2 days); (c) post progesterone withdrawal treatment (500 i.u. PMS v. no PMS); (d) week of treatment (3 successive weeks); and (e) days within weeks (2 successive days). Insemination was carried out on the third day after cessation of progesterone without reference to the results of teasing with vasectomized rams.Progesterone (20 mg.) administered every 2 days was as effective as 10 mg. administered daily for suppression of ovulation. PMS resulted in a highly significant increase (P 〈 0·001) in the numbers of ewes which ovulated and which exhibited oestrus after progesterone, and in the number of fertile ewes (P 〈 0·05).There was a considerable spread of time of onset of oestrus and of ovulation. This was unaffected by any treatment. Most ewes were served 24–96 hr. (peak 48–84 hr.) and ovulated 48–108 hr. (peak 72–108) after cessation of progesterone. The time relationships of oestrus, ovulation and ovum transport appeared normal.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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