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  • Springer  (91)
  • 1985-1989  (65)
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1935-1939  (14)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: azathioprine ; 6-thiouric acid ; 6-mercaptopurine ; renal transplantation ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunosuppressive activity of azathioprine (AZA) is unpredictable and depends on the formation of intracellular thiopurine ribonucleotides. However, the quantification of these active thiopurines presents difficult analytical problems. It has recently been postulated that plasma concentrations of 6-thiouric acid (6-TU) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), metabolites of AZA, may provide more readily measurable indices of the pharmacologic activity of AZA. In order to evaluate the utility of 6-TU and 6-MP plasma concentrations in monitoring AZA therapy, we studied their pharmacokinetics in 6 renal transplant patients, and their in vitro immunosuppressive potency in a mixed lymphocyte proliferation assay. A peak plasma 6-TU concentration of 710.7 ng/ml was observed at 3.8 h after oral dosing. Good correlation was observed between the elimination t1/2 of 6-TU and serum creatinine, and between AUC over 24 h and serum creatinine. However, we did not observe a second peak in plasma 6-TU concentration that could be attributed to the degradation of active AZA metabolites. 6-MP plasma concentrations in the patients were low (mean peak concentration 36.0 ng/ml) and rapidly disappeared within 8 h. In vitro immunosuppressive activity could not be demonstrated for 6-TU over a concentration range of 1.25 ng/ml to 0.25 mg/ml. We conclude that 6-TU is pharmacologically inert and is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Our findings currently do not support the use of plasma concentrations of 6-TU or 6-MP to monitor AZA therapy. In order to optimize AZA therapy, analytical techniques that are technically feasible and that can directly quantify the active intracellular thiopurines are being explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 59 (1969), S. 228-256 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An area of about 200 sq.m., consisting of epimetamorphic Precambrian schists and granites in the northern parts of the Tibesti mountains was studied by geologic interpretation of small scale aerial photographs. The scope of work was the evaluation of the structural trends in the basement complex, the distribution of lengths and azimuts of the fracture pattern, and a quantitative asessment of the drainage system. Plotting of the photogeologic and drainage map was done by a third order instrument, the ZEISS Stereotop. The network of pass points used in stereoplotting was established by slotted templet radial triangulation at a scale of 1∶50000. Fracture trace analysis showed that the fracture pattern is not related to the fold structures of the bedrock, but to a younger wrench fault system with a master shear direction of 30°. The drainage network is mature in spite of only episodic rainfalls. 15 drainage basins of 3rd to 5th order magnitude were examined closely, and channel orders, numbers and lengths as well as basin areas were determined.Horton's law of stream numbers is observed closely by all basins in spite of obvious structural control. The weighted mean bifurcation ratio is fairly constant around the value of 4.10. Mean channel lengths seem to be more sensitive to structural control, as deviations of measurements fromHorton's second law are noticeable in many basins. Drainage densities are closely grouped around a mean value of 3.53. The relation between drainage density and channel frequency found byMelton is maintained, but the values tend to be somewhat lower than described originally. Influence of fracture directions on the drainage pattern is obvious in the distribution of azimuts. ASpearman rank correlation test showed significant control of the drainage network by the directions of the fracture system. The use of aerial photographs in quantitative evaluations of fracture and drainage patterns may, in many cases, result in the procurement of more accurate data in much shorter time than by conventional methods.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation photogéologique d'une région de schistes précambriens épimétamorphiques d'environ 500 km2 au versant nord du Tibesti a été effectuée en vue d'une étude quantitative des grandes structures et des réseaux de fractures et de drainage. L'analyse statistique des fractures a prouvé que les directions dominantes du réseau de fractures ne sont pas liées au plissement mais à un «wrench fault system» au sens deMoody &Hill (1956). On a pu détérminer l'ordre, le nombre et les longueurs des segments de drainage ainsi que la surface des bassins du réseau de drainage, bien développé malgré les pluies rares mais intenses. Le contrôle structural du réseau de drainage présente un écart relativement faible de la 1ère loi deHorton. Le système de drainage s'accorde toutefois moins bien à la 2e loi deHorton, manifestement plus sensitive. Sur un sous-sol uniforme au point de vue lithologique, le rapport de bifurcation est assez constant autour de la valeur moyenne Rh=4.10. La relation entre la densité du réseau de drainage et la fréquence des segments découverte parMelton (1958) s'est confirmée. La comparaison des directions des réseaux de fractures et de drainage démontre nettement l'influence, prouvée par un test de corrélationSpearman, des directions tectoniques sur le système de drainage. L'analyse photogéologique de photographies aériennes permet une étude quantitative de réseux de fractures et de drainage en moins de temps et avec une précision souvent supérieure aux mesures faites sur des cartes ou sur le terrain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem Bereich präkambrischer epizonal metamorpher Schiefer von rund 500 km2 am Nordabfall des Tibestigebirges wurde eine photogeologische Untersuchung durchgeführt, um neben den Großstrukturen das Kluftnetz und das Entwässerungsnetz möglichst quantitativ zu erfassen. Die statistische Kluftanalyse ergab, daß die vorherrschenden Richtungen des Kluftnetzes genetisch nicht mit dem Faltenbau in Verbindung gebracht werden können, sondern an ein „wrench fault system“ im Sinne vonMoody &Hill (1956) gebunden sind. An dem voll entwickelten Entwässerungsnetz von Trockentälern, die nur während der episodischen, aber intensiven Regenfälle Wasser führen, wurden die Ordnungen, Anzahlen und Längen der Talsegmente sowie die Fläche der einzelnen Entwässerungsbecken bestimmt. Die bei struktureller Kontrolle des Entwässerungsnetzes zu erwartenden Abweichungen vonHorton's 1. Gesetz sind verhältnismäßig gering. Das Talsystem folgt jedoch dem offenbar sensitiveren 2.Horton'schen Gesetz wesentlich schlechter. Bei lithologisch gleichmäßigem Untergrund liegt das mittlere Bifurkationsverhältnis recht konstant um den Wert Rb=4,10. Der vonMelton (1958) gefundene gesetzmäßige Zusammenhang zwischen Entwässerungsdichte und Talsegment-Häufigkeit konnte bestätigt werden. Ein Vergleich der Richtungsverteilungen von Kluft- und Talnetz erweist die deutliche Beeinflussung des Entwässerungssystems durch die tektonischen Richtungen; einSpearman-Rangkorrelationstest ergibt für die Mehrzahl der Bekken bei einem Signifikanzniveau von α=0,100 eine signifikante Beeinflussung des Entwässerungsnetzes durch die Kluftrichtungen. Für quantitative Untersuchungen über Kluftnetz und Entwässerungsnetz bietet die photogeologische Auswertung von Luftbildern nicht nur Vorteile im Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand, sondern teilweise auch höhere Genauigkeit gegenüber Messungen aus Karten oder im Gelände.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 212 (1968), S. 83-103 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Within the framework of the hydrodynamic model the exact coupling constants of the coupling of the giant multipole resonances to the surface quadrupole oscillations of nuclei are derived. The differences to former variational calculations are discussed. It is found that the coupling constants for the terms linear in the surface variables are almost the same whereas the coupling constants for the quadratic terms differ appreciably. The influence on the photon absorption and scattering cross sections of spherical nuclei is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 814-815 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé L'excrétion rénale de la bilirubine dans l'urine varie entre 0,1 et 0,8 mg par jour dans une série de 113 chiens normaux. Avec une concentration d'hémoglobine plasmatique libre, excédant 50 mg/100 ml, les auteurs ont remarqué une augmentation sensible de l'excrétion urinaire de la bilirubine, sans que les taux sanguin, de la bilirubine ni le clearance de la créatinine soient changés. Les résultats font supposer un métabolisme local de l'hémoglobine en bilirubine dans les reins.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 47 (1986), S. 408-409 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plant mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction enzyme analysis ; rRNA genes ; Tomato cell suspension cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Lycopersicon esculentum was purified from cell suspension cultures. The DNA, isolated from mitochondria purified by two successive sucrose density gradients, was uncontaminated with nuclear DNA or DNA from proplastids. The total molecular weights of BamHI, BglI, and BglII fragments indicate a mitochondrial genome size of at least 270 kb. Cross hybridization between tomato mtDNA and cloned spinach plastid genes revealed some homology. In hybridization experiments using cloned mitochondrial rRNA genes and BamHI digested total mtDNA the presence of recombination repeats is demonstrated.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 23 (1935), S. 453-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 25 (1937), S. 417-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Allocation patterns ; Restionaceae ; Nitrogen ; Dry mass ; Fynbos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The annual growth pattern of male plants of the endemic, dioecious fynbos species, Thamnochortus punctatus, revealed sequential growth of the various below-and above-ground organs. Root and rhizome development were favoured in the wet winter months while culm elongation occurred in the warmer but drier spring to summer period. The reproductive phase of development followed in the hot dry summer and autumn. The asynchronous pattern of growth is suggested to enable the plant to maximize utilization of scarce resources within the confines of the environmental controls determined by the mediterranean-climate. Maximum root and rhizome activity in the rainy season enabled the plant to absorb and store nitrogen in mature culms for later above ground organ development. As the absorption of nitrogen from senscing material is essential for this pattern of organ development to assist in alleviating nutrient scarcity the high degree of nitrogen reabsorption, 35 to 70% for branches and culms respectively, shows the potential importance of asynchronous organ growth in overcoming nitrogen limitation of plant growth. Comparisons of dry mass and nitrogen allocation patterns indicate that developmental strategies employed by evergreen, perennial plants in climatically and edaphically constrained environments cannot be deduced from biomass allocation patterns alone as they do not appear to reflect strategies evolved to overcome nutrient limitation.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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