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  • 2005-2009  (79)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies suggest that, besides the maldigestion of lactose in the small intestine, the colonic processing of lactose might play a role in lactose intolerance. β-Galactosidase is the bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the first step of lactose fermentation in the colon. We propose a practical method to differentiate and identify bacteria with β-galactosidase activity in faeces which combines a colony-lift filter assay with X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside) as substrate for differentiation and the fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for identification. The method was applied to faeces from lactase non-persistent subjects. After 28 subjects had undergone one glucose and two lactose challenges, consistent intolerant (n= 5) and tolerant (n= 7) groups were defined according to their symptom scores. Of the 28 faecal samples, 80.6% (mean, SD: 12.1, range: 47.8–100%) of the total cultured bacteria were found to possess β-galactosidase activity, which indicates that the bacterial β-galactosidase is abundant in the colon. The tolerant and intolerant groups did not differ in the percentage or composition of the bacteria with β-galactosidase activity or β-galactosidase activity in faeces. Results suggest that the percentage or composition of the bacteria with β-galactosidase activity in faeces do not play a role in lactose intolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Beninger and Quinsey argue that we provide no evidence that chimpanzees show other-regarding preferences in the two-option test situation under conditions in which they would be expected to show such a preference. This criticism is misdirected, because our aim was not to determine ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Among extant reptiles only two lineages are known to have evolved venom delivery systems, the advanced snakes and helodermatid lizards (Gila Monster and Beaded Lizard). Evolution of the venom system is thought to underlie the impressive radiation of the advanced snakes (2,500 of 3,000 snake ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Humans are an unusually prosocial species—we vote, give blood, recycle, give tithes and punish violators of social norms. Experimental evidence indicates that people willingly incur costs to help strangers in anonymous one-shot interactions, and that altruistic behaviour is motivated, at ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 225 (1968), S. 124-131 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine bereits früher beschriebene Methode zur Bewertung von Röntgen-Kleinwinkelstreuungskurven wird auf eine Anzahl genau charakterisierter Polyäthylenproben angewandt. An Hand dieser Methode wird die mittlere Dicke der kristallinen und amorphen Schichten geschätzt; ferner wird an Hand der Integral-Kleinwinkelstreuung das mittlere Quadrat der Dichteschwankungen in den Proben bestimmt. Aus den so erhaltenen Unterlagen und Gesamtdichten der Proben werden die Dichten der kristallinen und amorphen Schichten berechnet; diese Werte entsprechen durchaus den im allgemeinen für eine Zweiphasenstruktur angenommenen Zahlen. Es wird der Einfluß von Molekulargewicht und Kühlgeschwindigkeit auf die Dicke der kristallinen und amorphen Schichten angegeben; außerdem werden die Dicken der kristallinen Schichten mit den Schmelzpunkten der Proben verglichen. Schließlich werden die Fehler erörtert, welche sich bei Anwendung desBragg-schen Gesetzes auf Kleinwinkelstreuungskurven ergeben.
    Notes: Summary A previously described method for evaluating X-ray small-angle scattering curves was applied to a number of well-characterized polyethylene samples. The average thicknesses of the crystalline and amorphous layers were estimated by this method; furthermore, the mean square of the density fluctuations within the samples was determined from the integral small-angle scattering. From these data, combined with the overall densities of the samples, the densities of the crystalline and amorphous layers were calculated; these densities compare well with the figures generally assumed for a two-phase structure. The effects of molecular weight and cooling rate on the thicknesses of the crystalline and amorphous layers are noted, and the thicknesses of the crystalline layers are compared with the melting points of the samples. Finally, a discussion is given of the errors which may be involved ifBragg's law is applied to small-angle scattering curves.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 206 (1965), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 210 (1966), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur elektronischen Berechnung der Entschmierung beschrieben, bei der die Röntgen-Kleinwinkelstreuungskurve durch eineFouriersche Reihe dargestellt wird. Sie eignet sich insbesondere für Kurven mit breiten Maximalbereichen oder Schultern, wie sie bei festen Polymeren erhalten werden.
    Notes: Summary A computor method for slit-height correction is described, in which the experimental X-ray small angle scattering curve is represented by aFourier series. It is particulary applicable to curves showing broad maxima or shoulders, like those of solid polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 220 (1967), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß aus der Schmelze erstarrtes Polyäthylen aus parallelen Schichten unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte zusammengesetzt ist, wird die Korrelationsfunktion für die Richtung, senkrecht zu den Schichten, aus der experimentellen Kleinwinkel-Streuungskurve berechnet. Diese Funktion wird mit derjenigen Funktion verglichen, welche für ein wechselweise aus kristallinen und amorphen Schichten bestehendes Modell berechnet worden ist. Es mußten zur Erreichung einer guten übereinstimmung ein Skalenfaktor und drei Parameter eingestellt werden. Im Skalenfaktor gelangt die mittlere Periodizität in der Richtung, senkrecht zu den Schichten zum Ausdruck. Die Parameter sind die Kristallinität und die Verteilungsbreite der Dicke der kristallinen, bzw. amorphen Schichten. Es wird ferner nachgewieser, daß vor allem die so ermittelte Kristallinität durch sogar relativ große Abweichungen vom primären Modell nur unwesentlich beeinflußt wird.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of the assumption that bulk polyethylene is built up of parallel layers differing in electron density, the correlation function for the direction perpendicular to the layers is calculated from the experimental scattering curve at small angles. This function is compared with that calculated for a model consisting of alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. One scale factor and three parameters have to be adjusted to obtain good agreement. The scale factor accounts for the average periodicity in the direction perpendicular to the layers. The parameters are the crystalline fraction and the width of the distributions of the thicknesses of the crystalline and amorphous layers respectively. It is furthermore shown that especially the crystallinity thus found is not appreciably influenced by even relatively large deviations from the primary model.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: An investigation of the taphonomy, palaeoecology and stratigraphy of cool-water skeletal concentrations (shell beds) of the Matemateaonga Formation (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of Wanganui Basin, New Zealand, has provided the basis for the classification of taphofacies presented here. Two taphofacies described from transgressive systems tracts include the amalgamated shell bed and sediment starved shell bed taphofacies, representing skeletal concentration dominated by wave and current agitation, and sediment starvation, respectively. A further five taphofacies described from highstand and regressive systems tracts exhibit a gradient of sedimentological, taphonomic and palaeoecological properties that result from variation in storm event and fair-weather wave processes across the palaeoshelf bathymetric gradient. A principal components analysis of semi-quantitative data (53 observations) from sequences in Manutahi-1 well core demonstrates that taphonomic properties may be limited to particular systems tracts in some cases, but can also be repeated in different system tracts where the depositional environments are similar. Taphofacies, which are contained within siliciclastic-dominated portions of sequences (highstand and regressive systems tracts) possess little direct relevance to sequence stratigraphic analyses, but do provide valuable information on environmental conditions, in particular, depth relative to storm and fair-weather wave base, and proximity to shoreline.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Print ISSN: 0967-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6579
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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