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  • Cambridge University Press  (67)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2010-2014  (40)
  • 1965-1969  (27)
  • 1
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    Summary for Policymakers (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-32, ISBN: 9781107641655
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 2
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    Technical Summary (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, Cambridge University Press, pp. 35-94, ISBN: 9781107641655
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rosen, George: Democracy and Economic Change in India : Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1966 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 3 (1969), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00002419
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  • 4
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    The toroidal bubble (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1968-04-09
    Description: It has been observed by Walters & Davidson (1963) that release of a mass of gas in water sometimes produces a rising toroidal bubble. This paper is concerned with the history of such a bubble, given that at the initial instant the motion is irrotational everywhere in the water. The variation of its overall radius a with time may be predicted from the vertical impulse equation, and it should be possible to make the same prediction by equating the rate of loss of combined kinetic and potential energy to the rate of viscous dissipation. This is indeed seen to be the case, but not before it is recognized that in a viscous fluid vorticity will continually diffuse out from the bubble surface, destroying the irrotationality of the motion, and necessitating an examination of the distribution of vorticity. The impulse equation takes the same form as in an inviscid fluid, but the energy equation is severely modified. Other results include an evaluation of the effect of a hydrostatic variation in bubble volume, and a prediction of the time which will have elapsed before the bubble becomes unstable under the action of surface tension.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
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    On the instability of rapidly rotating shear flows to non-axisymmetric disturbances (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1968-02-26
    Description: The stability is considered of the flow with velocity components [ {0,Omega r[1+O(epsilon^2)],;2epsilonOmega r_0f(r/r_0)} ] (where f(x) is a function of order one) in cylindrical polar co-ordinates (r, ϕ, z), bounded by the rigid cylinders r/r0 = x1 and r/r0 = 1 (0 [les ] x1 〈 1). When ε [Lt ] 1, the flow is shown to be unstable to non-axisymmetric inviscid disturbances of sufficiently large axial wavelength. The case of Poiseuille flow in a rotating pipe is considered in more detail, and the growth rate of the most rapidly growing disturbance is found to be 2εΩ.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
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    Gyrotaxis in uniform vorticity (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: Analysis of bioconvection in dilute suspensions of bottom-heavy but randomly swimming micro-organisms is commonly based on a model introduced in 1990. This couples the Navier–Stokes equations, the cell conservation equation and the Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) for the probability density function for a cell’s swimming direction ${p}$, which balances rotational diffusion against viscous and gravitational torques. The results have shown qualitative agreement with observation, but the model has not been subjected to direct quantitative testing in a controlled experiment. Here, we consider a simple configuration in which the suspension is contained in a circular cylinder of radius $R$, which rotates at angular velocity ${ mOmega}$ about a horizontal axis. We solve the FPE and calculate the cells’ mean swimming velocity, which proves to be horizontal when $B{mOmega}gg 1$, where $B$ is the gyrotactic reorientation time scale. Then we compute the cell concentration distribution, which is non-uniform only in a thin boundary layer near the cylinder wall when ${it eta}^{2}={mOmega}R^{2}/Dgg 1$, where $D$ is the cells’ translational diffusivity. The fact that cells are denser than water means that this concentration distribution drives a perturbation to the underlying solid-body rotational flow which can be calculated analytically. The predictions of the theory are evaluated in terms of a proposed experimental realisation of the configuration, using suspensions of the alga Chlamydomonas nivalis or Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or the algal colony Volvox.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
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    Stability of two-dimensional collapsible-channel flow at high Reynolds number (2012)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-16
    Description: We study the linear stability of two-dimensional high-Reynolds-number flow in a rigid parallel-sided channel, of which part of one wall has been replaced by a flexible membrane under longitudinal tension T*. Far upstream the flow is parallel Poiseuille flow at Reynolds number Re; the width of the channel is a and the length of the membrane is λ a, where 1 Re1/7≲ λ Re. Steady flow was studied using interactive boundary-layer theory by Guneratne & Pedley (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 569, 2006, pp. 151-184) for various values of the pressure difference Pe across the membrane at its upstream end. Here unsteady interactive boundary-layer theory is used to investigate the stability of the trivial steady solution for Pe = 0. An unexpected finding is that the flow is always unstable, with a growth rate that increases with T*. In other words, the stability problem is ill-posed. However, when the pressure difference is held fixed (= 0) at the downstream end of the membrane, or a little further downstream, the problem is well-posed and all solutions are stable. The physical mechanisms underlying these findings are explored using a simple inviscid model; the crucial factor in the fluid dynamics is the vorticity gradient across the incoming Poiseuille flow. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 8
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    Nonlinear energy transfer between fluid sloshing and vessel motion (2013)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-19
    Description: This paper examines the dynamic coupling between a sloshing fluid and the motion of the vessel containing the fluid. A mechanism is identified that leads to an energy exchange between the vessel dynamics and fluid motion. It is based on a 1:1 resonance in the linearized equations, but nonlinearity is essential for the energy transfer. For definiteness, the theory is developed for Cooker's pendulous sloshing experiment. The vessel has a rectangular cross-section, is partially filled with a fluid and is suspended by two cables. A nonlinear normal form is derived close to an internal 1:1 resonance, with the energy transfer manifested by a heteroclinic connection, which connects the purely symmetric sloshing modes to the purely antisymmetric sloshing modes. Parameter values where this pure energy transfer occurs are identified. In practice, this energy transfer can lead to sloshing-induced destabilization of fluid-carrying vessels. © Cambridge University Press 2013.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
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    Stability of downflowing gyrotactic microorganism suspensions in a two-dimensional vertical channel (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-22
    Description: Hydrodynamic focusing of cells along the region of the most rapid flow is a robust feature in downflowing suspensions of swimming gyrotactic microorganisms. Experiments performed in a downward pipe flow have reported that the focused beam-like structure of the cells is often unstable and results in the formation of regular-spaced axisymmetric blips, but the mechanism by which they are formed is not well understood. To elucidate this mechanism, in this study, we perform a linear stability analysis of a downflowing suspension of randomly swimming gyrotactic cells in a two-dimensional vertical channel. On increasing the flow rate, the basic state exhibits a focused beam-like structure. It is found that this focused beam is unstable with the varicose mode, the spatial structure, wavelength, phase speed and behaviour with the flow rate of which are remarkably similar to those of the blip instability in the pipe flow experiment. To understand the physical mechanism of the varicose mode, we perform an analysis which calculates the term-by-term contribution to the instability. It is shown that the leading physical mechanism in generating the varicose instability originates from the horizontal gradient in the cell-swimming-vector field formed by the non-uniform shear in the base flow. This mechanism is found to be supplemented by cooperation with the gyrotactic instability mechanism observed in uniform suspensions. © © 2014 Cambridge University Press.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
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    Bioconvection under uniform shear: linear stability analysis (2013)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-13
    Description: The role of uniform shear in bioconvective instability in a shallow suspension of swimming gyrotactic cells is studied using linear stability analysis. The shear is introduced by applying a plane Couette flow, and it significantly disturbs gravitaxis of the cell. The unstably stratified basic state of the cell concentration is gradually relieved as the shear rate is increased, and it even becomes stably stratified at very large shear rates. Stability of the basic state is significantly changed. The instability at high wavenumbers is drastically damped out with the shear rate, while that at low wavenumbers is destabilized. However, at very large shear rates, the latter is also suppressed. The most unstable mode is found as a pair of streamwise uniform rolls aligned with the shear, analogous to Rayleigh-Bénard convection in plane Couette flow. To understand these findings, the physical mechanism of the bioconvective instability is reexamined with several sets of numerical experiments. It is shown that the bioconvective instability in a shallow suspension originates from three different physical processes: gravitational overturning, gyrotaxis of the cell and negative cross-diffusion flux. The first mechanism is found to rule the behaviour of low-wavenumber instability whereas the last two mechanisms are mainly associated with high-wavenumber instability. With the increase of the shear rate, the former is enhanced, thereby leading to destabilization at low wavenumbers, whereas the latter two mechanisms are significantly suppressed. For streamwise varying perturbations, shear with sufficiently large rates is also found to play a stabilizing role as in Rayleigh-Bénard convection. However, at small shear rates, it destabilizes these perturbations through the mechanism of overstability discussed by Hill, Pedley and Kessler (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 208, 1989, pp. 509-543). Finally, the present findings are compared with a recent experiment by Croze, Ashraf and Bees (Phys. Biol., vol. 7, 2010, 046001) and they are in qualitative agreement. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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