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  • 1970-1974  (290)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 3706-3708 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 5284-5285 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 15 (1970), S. 446-448 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 5781-5783 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 13 (1974), S. 577-582 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 13 (1974), S. 3992-3999 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 15 (1974), S. 127-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The information in the nervous spike trains and its processing by neural units are discussed. In these problems, our attention is focused on the stochastic properties of neurons and neuron populations. There are three subjects in this paper, which are the spontaneous type neuron, the forced type neuron and the reciprocal inhibitory pairs. 1. The spontaneous type neuron produces spikes without excitatory inputs. The mathematical model has the following assumptions. The neuron potential (NP) has the fluctuation and obeys the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, because the N P is not so perfectly random as that of the Wiener process but has an attraction to the rest value. The threshold varies exponentially and the NP has the constant lower limit. When the NP reaches the threshold, the neuron fires and the NP is reset to a certain position. After a firing, an absolute refractory period exists. In discussing the stochastic properties of neurons, the transition probability density function and the first passage time density function are the important quantities, which are governed by the Kolmogorov's equations. Although they can be set up easily, we can rarely obtain the analytical solutions in time domain. Moreover, they cover only simple properties. Hence the numerical analysis is performed and a good deal of fair results are obtained and discussed. 2. The forced type neuron has input pulse trains which are assumed to be based on the Poisson process. Other assumptions and methods are almost the same as above except the diffusion approximation of the stochastic process. In this case, we encounter the inhomogeneous process due to the pulse-frequency-modulation, whose first passage time density reveals the multimodal distribution. The numerical analysis is also tried, and the output spike interval density is further discussed in the case of the periodic modulation. 3. Two types of reciprocal inhibitory pairs are discussed. The first type has two excitatory driving inputs which are mutually independent. The second type has one common excitatory input but it advances in two ways, one of which has a time lag. The neuron dynamics is the same as that of the forced type neuron and each neuron has an identical structure. The inputs are assumed to be based on the Poisson process and the inhibition occurs when the companion neuron fires. In this case, the equations of the probability density functions are not obtained. Hence the computer simulation is tried and it is observed that the stochastic rhythm emerges in spite of the temporally homogeneous inputs. Furthermore, the case of inhomogeneous inputs is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die in der Nervenimpuls-Sequenz enthaltene Information und ihre Verarbeitung durch neurale Einheiten werden besprochen. Bei diesen Problemen richtet sich unsere Aufmerksamkeit auf die stochastischen Eigenschaften der Neuronen und der Neuronenpopulationen. Diese Abhandlung hat drei Themen, und zwar das Neuron des spontanen Typs, das Neuron des erzwungenen Typs und die wechselseitig sich hemmenden Paare. 1. Das Neuron des spontanen Typs produziert Spikes ohne daß erregende Eingänge vorhanden sind. Das mathematische Modell enthält die folgenden Annahmen: Das Neuronenpotential (NP) folgt in seiner Schwankung dem Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-Prozeß, weil es nicht so völlig zufällig verläuft wie das eines Wiener-Prozesses, sondern eine Attraktion zum Restwert aufweist. Die Schwelle besitzt variable Exponentialwerte und das NP eine konstante untere Grenze. Wenn das NP die Schwelle erreicht, feuert das Neuron, und das N P wird auf eine bestimmte Position zurückgesetzt. Nach einer Erregung stellt sich eine absolute Refraktärperiode ein. Bei der Diskussion der stochastischen Eigenschaften der Neuronen sind die Funktion der Dichte der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit und die Funktion der Dichte der Erstdurchgangszeit wichtige quantitative Größen, die durch die Kolmogorowschen Gleichungen beherrscht werden. Obwohl diese leicht aufzustellen sind, können wir nur in seltenen Fällen eine analytische Lösung in der Zeitdimension bekommen. Überdies erklären die Lösungen nur einfache Eigenschaften. Daher wird die numerische Analyse angewendet, womit sich eine ganze Anzahl von guten Ergebnissen erhalten und behandeln lassen. 2. Das Neuron des erzwungenen Typs erhält die Eingangs-Spike-Sequenzen, von denen wir annehmen können, daß sie auf dem Poissonschen Prozeß beruhen. Andere Annahmen und Methoden sind nahezu gleich, wenn man von der Diffusionsapproximation des stochastischen Prozesses absieht. In diesem Fall begegnen wir dem unhomogenen Prozeß, der auf der Pulsfrequenzmodulation beruht, dessen Dichte der Erstdurchgangszeit eine multimodale Verteilung zeigt. Auch eine numerische Analyse wird durchgeführt, und die Intervallverteilung der Ausgangs-Spike-Sequenzen wird im Fall der periodischen Modulation behandelt. 3. Zwei Typen der sich wechselseitig hemmenden Paare werden erörtert. Der erste Typ besitzt zwei erregende Eingänge, die voneinander unabhängig sind. Demgegenüber besitzt der zweite Typ einen allgemeinen, erregenden Eingang, der aber auf zwei Wegen erfolgt, wobei einer von beiden eine Zeitverzögerung enthält. Es zeigt sich, daß die Neuronendynamik die gleiche ist wie bei dem Neuron des erzwungenen Typs. Von den Eingangsgrößen kann angenommen werden, daß sie dem Poissonschen Prozeß folgen, und daß eine Inhibition auftritt, wenn das Begleitneuron feuert. In diesem Fall läßt sich die Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte nicht erhalten. Daher wird eine Computersimulation versucht, aus der hervorgeht, daß der stochastische Rhythmus vorliegt, wohingegen die Eingangs-Spike-Sequenzen vom temporalhomogenen Poisson-Typ sind. Es wird auch der Fall von unhomogenen Eingangsgrößen erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 46 (1974), S. 279-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentation characteristics of native and denatured DNA were determined for sequential stages of meiosis in Lilium. Degradation of DNA during its preparation for analysis was minimized by extracting it from meiocytes that had been converted to protoplasts. Native DNA sedimented with a major peak in the 250s region of a glycerol gradient. The profiles for all meiotic stages were essentially the same. Denatured DNA showed a bimodal profile at pachytene (104s and 62s) and a more or less unimodal profile at other stages (104s). The difference was consistently observed regardless of the particular techniques used for preparation and measurement. The 62s component was not observed in achiasmatic cells or in cells which had been arrested by cycloheximide at prepachytene stages. Isotopic studies of pachytene DNA synthesis showed that DNA label accumulated in the 100s region and that it was present in both the old and new strands derived from premeiotic S-phase. The significance of the endogenous nicking of DNA is related to the timing and mechanics of crossing-over.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 35 (1970), S. 3752-3756 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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