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  • 1970-1974  (27)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 242 (1970), S. 1186-1195 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Partikel von Arzneimittelsuspensionen bleiben sehr oft an den Behälterwänden hängen und verursachen bei der Handhabung der Suspensionen viele Schwierigkeiten. Die Ursachen für dieses Verhalten werden ausführlich erläutert.
    Notes: Summary Particles of the pharmaceutical suspension often adhere on the container wall and cause several serious troubles. This adhesion proceeds by two steps; (1) particle trapping and (2) particle adhering. Particle trapping occurs only when the suspension spreads on the wall surface to make the even, thin liquid film of the medium, which traps the particles by pressure due to the surface tension of the medium acting upon the water line of the particle surface. The thinner film and the greater surface tension of the medium give the stronger trapping effect. The number of trapped particles is directly proportional to the concentration of the suspension and to square root of the particle diameter. The overall observed trappable nature of the particle was expressed by trappability constant. Some of the trapped particles develop to adhesion; the adhesion amount was proportional to the number of the particle in the unit volume of the suspension (concentration of the suspension) and related with particle diameter, wetting interval, wetting frequency, temperature, and flow rate of the suspension. pH of the medium did not give any effect on the adhesion. The important rôle of a thin liquid film for the adhesion, was also investigated and discussed in connection with three types of the wetting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 243 (1971), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 21 (1970), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various fixatives and fixation procedures were tested to evaluate their effects on the preservation of glycogen in sections of decalcified hard tissues. Lower jaws from 1-day-old rats were chosen for the observations. An aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde showed poor preservation of glycogen in the tissues even when employed in the perfusion procedure. Freeze-drying and formaldehyde vapour fixation preserved it much better, but glycogen was still lost to some extent. Freeze-substitution with acetone and various alcoholic fixatives gave a poor result, unless the tissues were fixed with cyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride in methanol containing N-methyl morphorine was the best fixative for the preservation of glycogen in the sections. A combination of freeze-substitution with the cyanuric chloride solution, decalcification with the Jenkins's fluid, and subsequent double-embedding in celloidin and paraffin was recommendable for an excellent glycogen preservation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 238-252 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The mechanism of the adhesion of the suspension particles on the wall surface of the glass container is discussed. Two types of mechanism are found; 1) simple adhesion where no mutual affinity or interaction exists between the particle and the wall, 2) adhesion with affinity. In the case of the simple adhesion, the suspension particle is pressed against the wall and trapped by a thin medium film, whose pressure increases with decreasing of the medium film thickness. Important in this process is the liquid film formation on the wall. Under the pressure, the particle superdissolves into the thin liquid film at the contacting point, and the excess particle component produced deposits on both surfaces of the wall and the particle, where no direct pressure works upon. The adhesion strength increases as time goes by, since the deposition grows according to time, as long as the medium film presents and the pressure works on the particle. Adhesion due to deposition is not so popular as that due to affinity, but it is considered as an important basic form of the adhesion. For the affinity adhesion, the commonest affinity is a hydrophobic bonding effect, which may be explained byvan der Waals coefficient and by determination of sliding angle of the suspension particle in the dispersion medium. Electrostatic affinity is less popular than affinity by hydrophobic bonding, but adsorption of the medium component onto the particle or the wall sometimes causes the adhesion due to this. Zeta potential of chloramphenicol crystals and glass powder was measured and its influence on the adhesion was discussed in connection with adsorption of benzethonium chloride. It was found that the adhesion strength of this type does not increase with lapse of time.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 178-178 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 176-176 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 245 (1971), S. 519-524 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Autor hat den Einfluß verschiedener Zusätze zu pharmazeutischen Suspensionen auf die Adhäsion der Suspensionspartikel an die Gefäßwand untersucht. Bei der Kombination von Chloramphenicolsuspensionen und einer Glaswand verringern anionenaktive und einige hochmolekulare Substanzen die Adhäsion. Nichtionische bzw. kationenaktive Substanzen verstärkten die Adhäsion. Der Mechanismus wird dadurch erklärt, daß die Zusätze an die Oberfläche der Partikel und der Gefäßwand adsorbiert werden und durch hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen eine Adhäsion erfolgt. Aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Effekte werden verschiedene Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, um die Adhäsion von pharmazeutischen Suspensionen an Gefäßwänden zu verhindern.
    Notes: Summary The effect of several additives on the adhesion of the suspension particles to the wall of containers was studied for pharmaceutical suspension. For the combination of the chloramphenicol suspension and the glass wall, anionic surface active agents and some of high polymers were found to be agents for good preventing adhesion. Non-ionic and cationic surface active agents facilitated the adhesion, and gave an adhesion maximum point at a certain concentration in the aqueous media; the mechanism was elucidated by adsorption of the additive component upon the surface of the particle and the wall, and the hydrophobic bonding effect. Some pharmaceutical improvements for preventing the adhesion trouble were given.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1971-11-08
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1972-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0584-8539
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3824
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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