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  • 1970-1974  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 3 (1972), S. 260-264 
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Xenon trioxide was compared for toxicity in the few common oxidants using three bioassays. On a molar basis XeO3 and HOCl were similar, but XeO3 was less active than expected when comparisons were based on normality.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 10 (1974), S. 337-352 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une série d'essais de photo-élasticité à trois dimensions a été conduite sur des plaques comportant des fissures traversantes, sollicitées en flexion avec une composante de traction suffisante pour éviter que les fissures ne se referment du côté comprimé de la plaque. Les géométries des plaques fissurées ont été choisies de sorte à couvrir la gamme de la transition “mince” à “épais”. Des tranches ont été découpées parallèlement aux surfaces de la plaque, après que l'on eût figé les contraintes dans le matériau. Ces tranches ont été analysées par photo-élasticité, et des fonctions correspondant aux distributions des facteurs d'intensité des contraintes ont été évaluées expérimentalement. Les résultats ont été comparés avec la théorie de G. C. Sih. L'accord est excellent pour les tôles fissurées correspondant aux géométries “minces”. Ils divergent progressivement au fur et à mesure que l'on passe à des géométries “épaisses”. Pour tous les cas étudiés, l'emploi d'une distribution linéaire de la fonction représentant le facteur d'intensité des contraintes au travers de l'épaisseur de la plaque apparaît satisfaisant.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von dreidimensionalen photoelastischen Versuchen wurden auf Platten, die durchgehende Risse enthalten, unter Biegebelastung und genügendem Zug um das Schließen auf der Druckseite der Platte zu verhindern, ausgeführt. Die Dimensionen der gerissenen Platten wurden so gewählt daß sie das Übergangsgebiet “dünn auf dick” enthalten. Man machte Streifen paralell zu den Plattenoberflächen im spannungsgefrohrenen Material um die Teile um die Rißspitze zu entfernen. Die Streifen wurden photoelastisch untersucht und man stellte experimentelle Funktionen auf, die der Verteilung der Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren über die Plattendicke entsprechen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Theorie von G. C. Sih verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung war ausgezeichnet für “dünne” Platten mit Rissen. Für “dickere” Platten mit Rissen gehen die Ergebnisse progressiv auseinander. Für alle untersuchten Fälle erwies sich die Anwendung einer linearen Verteilung der Spannungsintensitätsfaktorenfunktion über die dicke der Platte als zufriedenstellend.
    Notes: Abstract A series of three-dimensional photoelastic experiments were conducted on plates containing through cracks which were loaded in bending with sufficient extension to prevent closure on the compressive side of the plate. Cracked plate geometries were selected so as to span the transitional “thin to thick” range. Slices were made parallel to the plate surfaces in the stress frozen material so as to remove the region around the crack tips. These slices were analyzed photoelastically and functions were evaluated experimentally corresponding to stress intensity factor distributions through the plate thickness. Results were compared with the theory of G. C. Sih. Agreement was excellent with theory for “thin” cracked plate geometries. For “thicker” cracked plate geometries results diverged progressively. For all cases studied, the use of a linear distribution of the stress intensity factor function through the plate thickness appeared to be satisfactory.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 6 (1970), S. 305-318 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux séries d'essais photoélastiques recourant à la technique du gel des déformations ont été exécutées en vue d'évaluer la fermeture et l'ouverture précatastrophique de fissures dans des tôles soumises à flexion cylindrique. Les données recueillies ont été comparées à la théorie de Hartranft-Sih afin d'obtenir des résultans quantitatifs. On a trouvé que la fermeture de la fissure sur la portion comprimée de la tôle provoque des contraintes élastiques du côté tendu qui sont quelque pen plus élevées que celles prévues par le modèle mathématique, dans le cas de fissures traversant la tôle de part en part. Lorsque l'on se trouve dans des conditions d'extension précatastrophique d'une fissure sur le côté tendu d'une tôle, il se produit une relaxation des contraintes dont l'effet est de neutraliser l'effet d'intensification de la contrainte resultant de la fermeture de la fissure. Dans le cas de fissures courtes et quasi carrées, des effets tridimensionnels se font jour, qui réduisent également les effets d'intensification des contraintes dûs à la fermeture.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden zwei Reihen von photoelastischen Versuchen gefahren, wobei die Methode des Einfrierens der Verformung angewandt wurde. Ziel dieser Versuche war es, das Schließen und das vorkatastrophale Ōffnen von Rissen in zylindrischen Biegebeanspruchungen unterworfenen Blechen abzuschätzen. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse wurden mit der Hartranft-Sih-Theorie verglichen, im Hinblick auf die Erzielung quantitativer Resultate. Es zeigte sich, daß für Risse, welche die Bleche von Rand zu Rand durchlaufen, die Schließung auf der Druckseite, elastische Spannung auf der Zugseite hervorruft, deren Werte leicht oberhalb den durch das mathematische Modell bestimmten fegen. Unter den Bedingungen der vorkatastrophalen Ausdehnung eines Risses auf der Spannungen auf, welches den durch die Schließung des Risses bewirkten Spannungsanstieg ausgleicht. Für kurze, annähernd viereckige Risse, treten dreidimensionale Effekte auf, welche ebenfalls die durch die Schließung bewirkte Spannungserhöhung verringern.
    Notes: Abstract Two sets of photoelastic experiments employing stress freezing were performed in order to evaluate closure and precatastrophic extension of cracks in plates under cylindrical bending. Data were compared with the Hartranft-Sih theory in order to obtain quantitative results. It was found that crack closure on the compressive side of the plate produced somewhat larger local elastic stresses on the tensile side of the plate for straight through cracks than predicted by the mathematical model. When precatastrophic extension was allowed on the tension side of the plate, accompanying stress relaxation neutralized the stress intensification effect of closure. For short, nearly square cracks, three-dimensional effects appeared to reduce the stress intensification effects due to closure.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 14 (1974), S. 392-399 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract ATaylor-series correction to the maximum inplane shear stress was studied as a means of extending the data zone in photoelastic determination of stress-intensity factors beyond the singular region of a two-degree-of-freedom analysis. Convergence properties were obtained by comparing with several complete two-dimensional solutions. Experiments were performed on two kinds of three-dimensional problems, plates containing surface flows in both bending and extension. Results were analyzed by both a two-degree-of-freedom and aTaylor-series correction method (TSCM). Results were compared to theories of F. W. Smith and A. S. Kobayashi and R. C. Shah. It was concluded that: (1) The TSCM program converges rapidly to accurateK I values and will accommodate the scatter inherent in experimental data if the series is properly truncated. (2) The TSCM program is essentially equivalent to the two-parameter representation when only the crack-surface effects dominate. (3) When effects other than crack surfaces are important, TSCM requires more terms but still predictsK I with reasonable accuracy.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 11 (1971), S. 394-401 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using the technique of stress freezing and slicing, a set of photoelastic experiments was conducted on plates, each containing a single through internal crack in a remote cylindrical bending field, where each crack suffered precatastrophic extension on the tensile side of the plate as well as closure on the compression side. Resulting stresses were compared with the Sih-Hartranft theory. Results indicate substantial stress relaxation near the tensile side of the plate due to precatastrophic extension. It is concluded that: (1) the Sih-Hartranft theory may be used to estimate local elastic stresses on the tensile side of the plate even when closure and precatastrophic extension occur; (2) complex coupling of closure and precatastrophic extension effects preclude the use of simple correction factors for existing mathematical models except for relatively small precatastrophic extension.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 12 (1972), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A controlled-strain apparatus capable of performing the tests essential to establishing the yield locus of polycarbonate was designed and built. Material characterization tests were performed in the form of uniaxial strain rate, creep, isotropy, isoclinic and reloading tests. The yield locus for polycarbonate was determined and an analytical expression in the form of a hypotrochoid was developed. Yield locus results indicate that, although polycarbonate is not a Mises material, the yield locus may be approximated by a circle over a substantial range of Lode’s variable. Tests were run on large plates with holes. Good correlation with two-dimensional theory was obtained in the elastic zone and in the plastic zone where plastic strains were small.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1974-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1970-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0376-9429
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2673
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1970-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1974-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4851
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-2765
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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