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  • 1970-1974  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of graft copolymer on the demixing of solutions of two immiscible homopolymers and critical conditions for emulsion formation were studied. The graft copolymer used in the present work consists of one backbone poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and one branch polystyrene (PS). PVAc and PS of various degrees of polymerization were used as immiscible homopolymers. The common solvent was benzene. When the concentration of homopolymer blend was not sufficiently higher than the critical concentration for demixing of the blend solution, no stable emulsion was formed, even when a considerable amount of graft copolymer was present, and the added graft copolymer merely reduced the demixing rate. However, as the blend concentration was increased, a stable emulsion could readily be obtained by addition of rather small amounts of graft copolymer. The radius of emulsion droplets was inversely proportional to the weight ratio of the graft copolymer to the dispersed component polymer, in accordance with the theoretical prediction. It was concluded that the emulsions were stabilized against coagulation by graft copolymer molecules fixed strongly as a monolayer on the interface of the emulsion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 12 (1974), S. 27-29 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 27-40 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Precipitation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from dimethyl sulfoxide solution by addition of water as a precipitant was studied in the presence of a well-characterized graft copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The graft copolymer which had been prepared by a radiation method and freed from PMMA and PVA homopolymers had one PMMA branch whose length was nearly equal to that of the PVA backbone. Even when such an amount of water was added to PMMA solution as to cause all the PMMA to precipitate from the solution, the precipitation was prevented by the presence of relatively small amounts of the graft copolymer. With decreasing molecular weight of PMMA, the effect of protection became more pronounced. When the precipitation was prevented, the solution was transformed into a stable emulsion. The mechanism of protection against precipitation was discussed on the basis of the results obtained and electron microscopic photographs of the emulsion particles. It was concluded that the particles of the precipitated homopolymer were covered by a monolayer of the graft copolymer, resulting in prevention of coagulation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 2397-2397 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1829-1839 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) by potassium persulfate (KPS) in aqueous solutions showed that the decomposition of KPS was greatly enhanced by the presence of PVAL, its hydroxyl groups being oxidized to ketones in a yield of about one mole of ketone from one mole of KPS. The decomposition rate of KPS was found to be given by the equation, -d[S2O82-]/dt = k[S2O82-] [PVAL]1/2, which was essentially the same as in the oxidation of alcohols of low molecular weight by persulfate ion. The occurrence of gelation of PVAL solutions and graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto PVAL in the presence of KPS was evidence for PVAL radical as an intermediate species in the oxidation of PVAL. A characterization study was also carried out for the reaction products of the graft copolymerization of MMA onto PVAL with KPS in dimethyl sulfoxide solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 323-335 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Criteria for formation and flocculation of micelles from pure graft copolymers were investigated in single selective solvents by turbidimetry with the use of two series of graft copolymers from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC), i.e., PVAC-styrene graft copolymers with one branch and PVAC-methyl methacrylate graft copolymers with one and several branches. These graft copolymers could be completely coagulated through two processes in the selective solvents which had widely different ⊖ temperatures. The first process is the formation of micelles. One sequence, i.e., either backbone or branch of the graft copolymers, becomes desolvated under conditions similar to those for the corresponding homopolymer. This results in formation of the core of the micelle, the other soluble sequence extending from the surface of the core into the solvent phase. As the soluble chains cover the micelle core, no macroscopic phase separation occurs, but a stable dispersion is formed. The second process is that the micelle becomes too unstable to exist as dispersed when the solvency of the medium for the soluble sequence decreases to a certain degree. As a result, flocculation of the micelle finally takes place.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 227-236 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden statistische Berechnungen der grundlegenden Größen bei Pfropfreaktionen an einem Ausgangspolymeren durchgeführt, das eine einheitliche bzw. eine wahrscheinlichste Verteilung der Molmassen besitzt: z. B. die Zahl der Seitenketten in einem Pfropfcopolymeren, das Zahlenmittel des Polymerisationsgrads (P̄n) der Hauptkette des Pfropfcopolymeren, der Anteil des gepfropften Ausgangspolymeren. Es wird gezeigt, daß, wenn das P̄n der Seitenkette niedriger als das P̄n des Ausgangspolymeren mit wahrscheinlichster Molmassenverteilung ist, das P̄n des entstehenden Pfropfcopolymeren mit steigender Zahl der Seitenketten erst abnimmt, ein Minimum erreicht und dann wieder ansteigt. Diese sonderbare Erscheinung wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß das Ausgangspolymermolekül mit der höheren Molmasse eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Teilnahme an der Pfropfung hat. Weiter zeigt die Berechnung, daß das entstehende, unfraktionierte Pfropfcopolymere ein polymolekulares Gemisch des Copolymeren mit Seitenketten ist, deren Zahl eine bemerkenswert breite Verteilung aufweist.
    Notes: Statistical calculations were performed for the fundamental quantities in the grafting reaction starting from a substrate polymer with a uniform and a most probable molar mass distribution: e.g., the number of branches in one graft copolymer, the number average degree of polymerization (P̄n) of the backbone of the graft copolymer, the fraction of the mother polymer grafted. It is shown that P̄n of the graft copolymer prepared from a mother polymer with a most probable molar mass distribution decreases at first with increasing number of grafted branches, reaches a minimum and then increases, if the P̄n of the grafted branch is lower than that of the mother polymer. This peculiar behavior is attributed to the fact that the mother polymer molecule with a higher molar mass has a higher probability to participate in the grafting. In addition, the calculation denotes that the synthesized, unfractionated graft copolymer is a polymolecular mixture of the copolymer having branches whose number distribution is remarkably broad.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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