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Radiation damage and structure recorded at high resolution in grains from fine fractions of Luna 16 surface material (1974)

Bibring, J. P. ; Durrieu, L. ; Meunier, R. ; [et al.]

In: CASI

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Publication Date: 2006-01-11

Description: Samples returned to earth by Luna 16, were studied with a high voltage electron microscope for ultramicroscopic features. The following amazing features were noted in particles of surface material returned in all the lunar trips: A very high density of tracks of nuclear particles, ultrathin amorphous shells, highly rounded forms, and amazingly good ordering of crystal lattice. These features were used along with calibration experiments in solving the following problems: (1) determining the energy spectrum and chemical abundances of the very heavy nuclei in the solar wind and in the solar cosmic rays; (2) studying the past activity of the sun; (3) obtaining data on lunar dynamic processes affecting dust particles; (4) analyzing composite effects caused by penetration of solar wind into the lunar surface material; and (5) establishing the existence of the ancient lunar atmosphere and magnetic field.

Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION

Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 388-399

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Simulation of lunar carbon chemistry. II - Lunar winds contribution (1974)

Maurette, M. ; Langevin, Y. ; Bibring, J. P. ; [et al.]

In: Other Sources

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Publication Date: 2019-07-13

Description: Simulation experiments, computations, and analysis of glassy agglutinates show that a directly condensed lunar wind vapor phase is strongly depleted in carbon and sulfur compounds and may recrystallize rapidly in the lunar thermal cycle and separate from host crystals. Factors preventing identification of low-energy species implanted from the lunar atmosphere are discussed. Computational results indicate that the implanted lunar winds carbon originates both from the vapor phases injected into the lunar atmosphere during thermal metamorphism of mature lunar soil grains and from direct volatization of impacting micrometeorites. It is suggested that microglass splashes and tiny crystalline grains possibly attached to the surface of coarser grains do not affect the characteristics of solar wind carbon chemistry in the lunar soil.

Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION

Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX

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Simulation of lunar carbon chemistry. I - Solar wind contribution (1974)

Chaumont, J. ; Bibring, J. P. ; Langevin, Y. ; [et al.]

In: Other Sources

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Publication Date: 2019-07-13

Description: Simulation experiments were conducted to identify the role of solar and lunar winds in the evolution of lunar carbon chemistry. Major conclusions are that (1) implantation of solar wind C, D, and N ions in silicates synthesizes small molecules that can be released into vacuum either by ion sputtering or by heating; (2) this synthesis is highly specific when compared to other processes accounting for the formation of molecules in the solar nebula or in interstellar space; (3) the carbon injected by the solar wind in the crystalline component of mature soils should reach a saturation concentration of about 200 ppm; and (4) the carbon chemistry of the crystalline component of mature soils is dominated by solar wind implantation effects.

Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION

Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX

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Ion implantation effects in 'cosmic' dust grains (1974)

Langevin, Y. ; Bibring, J. P. ; Jouffrey, B. ; [et al.]

In: Other Sources

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Publication Date: 2019-06-27

Description: Cosmic dust grains, whatever their origin may be, have probably suffered a complex sequence of events including exposure to high doses of low-energy nuclear particles and cycles of turbulent motions. High-voltage electron microscope observations of micron-sized grains either naturally exposed to space environmental parameters on the lunar surface or artificially subjected to space simulated conditions strongly suggest that such events could drastically modify the mineralogical composition of the grains and considerably ease their aggregation during collisions at low speeds. Furthermore, combined mass spectrometer and ionic analyzer studies show that small carbon compounds can be both synthesized during the implantation of a mixture of low-energy D, C, N ions in various solids and released in space by ion sputtering.

Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES

Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 22; 3, Ju; June 197

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