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  • 1
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    Depletion of interstellar sodium and calcium (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: New measurements of the Ca II/Ca I ratios in interstellar clouds lead to the conclusion that not only Ca, but also Na, is underabundant in these regions. Recent calculations of element depletion by accretion of atoms onto dust grains probably cannot account for the observed abundance range. The extreme underabundance of Ca, and some part of the abundance range, probably reflect the composition of the grain cores.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Feb. 1
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Ion acoustic waves in a multi-ion plasma. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An exact treatment of the multispecies ion acoustic dispersion relation is given for an argon/helium plasma. Phase velocity and damping are obtained as a function of ion-electron temperature ratio and relative densities of the two species. There are two important modes in the plasma, with quite different phase velocities, which are referred to as principal heavy ion mode and principal light ion mode. Which of these is dominant depends on the relative densities of the two components, but, in general, the light ion mode becomes important for surprisingly small light ion contamination. Approximate analytic expressions are derived from damping rates and phase velocities and their domains of validity are investigated. Relevance of the results for the investigation of collisionless shocks is discussed.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 14; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The Apollo 15 deployable boom anomaly (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: During the Apollo 15 mission, a boom with an attached mass spectrometer was required to retract periodically so that the instrument would not be in the field of view of other experiments. The boom did not fully retract on five of 12 occasions. Data analysis indicated that the boom probably retracted to within approximately 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) of full retraction. The pertinent boom-design details, the events in the mission related to the anomaly, a discussion of the inflight and postflight investigation of the problem, a discussion of the design changes to the boom mechanism as a result of the investigation, and subsequent flight performance are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: the 7th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 15-26
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Investigation of configuration effects on entry heating distributions at Mach no. equals 8.0 (OH41A) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results are presented of aerodynamic heating investigations conducted on 0.006 scale models of three Rockwell International Space Shuttle Vehicles (SSV) orbiter configurations in the Mach 8 variable density tunnel. It was established that lower surface modifications to one of these configurations (Model SS-H-00326-4) would alleviate premature transition. Re-entry data were acquired on these models at angles of attack from 30 to 40 degrees for nominal Reynolds numbers per foot of 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 8.0 million utilizing the phase change paint technique. A total of 17 orbiter heating runs and 3 orbiter oil flow runs were completed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128785 , DMS-DR-2076
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  • 5
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    Analysis of free turbulent shear flows by numerical methods (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Studies are described in which the effort was essentially directed to classes of problems where the phenomenologically interpreted effective transport coefficients could be absorbed by, and subsequently extracted from (by comparison with experimental data), appropriate coordinate transformations. The transformed system of differential equations could then be solved without further specifications or assumptions by numerical integration procedures. An attempt was made to delineate different regimes for which specific eddy viscosity models could be formulated. In particular, this would account for the carryover of turbulence from attached boundary layers, the transitory adjustment, and the asymptotic behavior of initially disturbed mixing regions. Such models were subsequently used in seeking solutions for the prescribed two-dimensional test cases, yielding a better insight into overall aspects of the exchange mechanisms.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Free Turbulent Shear Flows, Vol. 1; p 185-232
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Investigation of configuration effects on entry heating distributions at Mach no. equal 8.0 (OH41) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Aerodynamic heating data were obtained on 0.006 scale models of four Rockwell International SSV double delta wing Orbiters in the Mach 8 variable density tunnel. A model of two previously tested Rockwell International Orbiters which are identified in the Configuration Description of this report were also tested. Orbiter surfaces were thermally mapped from the laminar through turbulent flight regimes during re-entry. Various modifications were made to model lower surfaces to determine the cause of transition in the vicinity of 3.0 million Reynolds number per foot. Re-entry data were acquired for angles of attack from 25 through 35 degrees at nominal Reynolds numbers per foot of 1.0, 2.0, 2.3, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and 6.0 million utilizing the phase change paint technique. Launch data were acquired on the model upper surfaces for angles of attack of 0 and -5 degrees at nominal Reynolds numbers per foot of 3.0 and 6.0 million. A total of 70 orbiter heating runs and 6 material sample sphere runs were completed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128784 , DMS-DR-2075
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    High-energy proton radiation belt. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experiments and theories to explain the high-energy protons trapped in the earth's radiation belt are reviewed. The theory of cosmic ray albedo neutron decay injection of protons into the radiation belt is discussed. Radial diffusion and change in the earth's dipole moment are considered along with losses of protons by ionization and nuclear collision. It is found that the measured albedo neutron escape current is sufficient to supply trapped protons above 30 MeV. The theoretical calculations of the trapped protons are in agreement with the measurements for L less than or equal to 1.7 both on and off the equator. For L greater than or equal to 1.7, additional trapped proton differential energy measurements should be made before the theory can be adequately tested. It appears that an additional loss mechanism such as pitch angle scattering may be required.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 11; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Analytical study of striated nozzle flow with small radius of curvature ratio throats (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical method was developed which is capable of estimating the chamber and throat conditions in a nozzle with a low radius of curvature throat. The method was programmed using standard FORTRAN 4 language and includes chemical equilibrium calculation subprograms (modified NASA Lewis program CEC71) as an integral part. The method determines detailed and gross rocket characteristics in the presence of striated flows and gives detailed results for the motor chamber and throat plane with as many as 20 discrete zones. The method employs a simultaneous solution of the mass, momentum, and energy equations and allows propellant types, 0/F ratios, propellant distribution, nozzle geometry, and injection schemes to be varied so to predict spatial velocity, density, pressure, and other thermodynamic variable distributions in the chamber as well as the throat. Results for small radius of curvature have shown good comparison to experimental results. Both gaseous and liquid injection may be considered with frozen or equilibrium flow calculations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-128619 , TEES-1092-TR-72-01
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Laser amplification in an inhomogeneous plasma (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The propagation of an electromagnetic wave into an inhomogeneous plasma was studied. In a plasma with large density gradients a QTX mode propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field can encounter a resonance and a cutoff separated by a distance comparable to the incident wave length. In this region the wave is evanescent, and in general there will be a reflected and transmitted wave, and amplification will occur in the region near the resonance. The amplification is important for the study of nonlinear phenomena and for feedback stabilization applications.
    Keywords: MASERS
    Type: NASA-CR-122467 , PPG-109
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Candidate configuration trade study, Stellar-inertial Measurement Systems (SIMS) for an Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of analytical and simulation studies of the stellar-inertial measurement system (SIMS) for an earth observation satellite are presented. Subsystem design analyses and sensor design trades are reported. Three candidate systems are considered: (1) structure-mounted gyros with structure-mounted star mapper, (2) structure-mounted gyros with gimbaled star tracker, and (3) gimbaled gyros with structure-mounted star mapper. The purpose of the study is to facilitate the decisions pertaining to gimbaled versus structure-mounted gyros and star sensors, and combinations of systems suitable for the EOS satellite.
    Keywords: NAVIGATION
    Type: NASA-CR-115709 , E-2651 , ITR-3
    Format: application/pdf
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