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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1204-1214 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system is offered for the mathematical representation of the functional and structural features of organic molecules and their reactions. Two basic synthesis strategies, an antithetic method anda synthetic method, are defined and compared. The use of heuristic information in guiding synthesis is evaluated. A synthetic method which uses dynamic programming is presented and applied to the synthesis of bihelical DNA. Possible extensions to other classes of compounds are presented.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 664-669 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model and an iterative procedure to calculate holdup and pressure drop in horizontal gas-liquid flow is developed. The predictions of the model agree with well over a hundred data points collected with air-water and air-glycerine solutions in 0.0254-, 0.0381-, and 0.0508-m. diameter pilot pipelines. A design procedure using the verified model is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 626-633 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The liquid film in annular two-phase flow is maintained by droplet movement to and from the gas core and by wave action. This work examines droplet movement and its effect on the liquid film. Film formation and movement both axially and circumferentially were investigated by using transient techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1261-1272 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular loop batch fermentor has been designed and constructed, and was found to behave in a similar manner to a conventional stirred tank reactor. It appeared that foaming could be greatly reduced as no air ever encountered the impeller. The fluid mechanics of pipe flow are considerably simpler than tank flow patterns. On this basis a design procedure for a large scale tubular fermentor was outlined, which had considerable advantages over the more complex scale-up problems of a tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2965-2974 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of an aqueous environment on the tensile properties of Kapton polyimide film has been investigated. Immersion of specimens in distilled water at 25° to 100°C for time periods ranging from one hour to several hundred hours resulted in a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength of the polymer from 23 ksi to approximately 14 ksi, and a corresponding decrease in elongation to failure from 38% to approximately 5%. The kinetics of this decrease in mechanical properties are second order and yield an activation energy of approximately 15.6 kcal/mole. The reaction is slightly dependent on pH in the range 2.0 to 12.0, but is highly dependent on the pH in the range 0.4 to 2.0. The decrease in mechanical properties at pH 2.0 to 6.0 appears to be due to hydrolysis of either uncyclized amic acid linkages or diamide functional groups present in the polyimide, whereas that at pH below 2.0 is probably the result of hydrolysis of both imide and amide bonds. Prolonged reflux of the polyimide in water resulted in the extraction of a water-soluble, amide-containing material.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thiolated starches with a degree of substitution of 0.01-0.6 were obtained by pyrolysis of starch dithiobis(thioformates) followed by saponification. The pyrolytic decomposition of dithiobis(thioformates) followed two pathways: (1) to thionocarbonate , carbon disulfide, and sulfur, and (2) to dithiocarbonate , carbonyl sulfide, and sulfur. Only the second pathway affords thiolation. Thiol groups were determined by Ellman's reagent, by sulfur analyses, and, following acetylation, by the ratio of O-acetyl versus S-acetyl absorption in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The poly-saccharides cellulose, dextran, and xylan were thiolated by the same procedure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2205-2209 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three starch-polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) graft copolymers containing ratios of S:PAN of 1:1.90, 1:1.16, and 1:0.64 were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto gelatinized starch. A fourth graft, made from granular starch, had an S:PAN ratio of 1:2.16. These grafts were hydrolyzed in potassium hydroxide under various conditions to give a series of products with varying amounts of carboxylic acid and amide groups. Maximum conversion of nitrile to carboxyl was 65%. Aqueous dispersions of the hydrolyzed S-PAN's at pH 7-8.5 were viscous, and, in general, their viscosities reflected the amount of PAN add-on, with the highest add-on giving the highest viscosity. Plots of the η/C versus C show that hydrolyzed S-PAN's from gelatinized starch behave as normal polyelectrolytes on dilution to low concentration but that S-PAN from granular starch does not.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 1855-1868 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comparison is made of the composition and properties of the different rubber vulcanizate networks obtained by varying the ratio of sulfur to sulfenamide accelerator and by the thermal aging of vulcanizates containing predominantly polysulfide crosslinks. It is concluded that the changes in network structure which can take place, for example, during the service life of natural rubber tires are not the direct cause of failures of the type associated with rubber fatigue at high temperatures. However, a reduction in the total number of crosslinks can accelerate failure by increasing the amount of heat generated during flexing. More stable networks giving improved resistance to fatigue at high operating temperatures are obtained by the use of higher ratios of accelerator to sulfur than are conventionally employed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mineral acid salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) have been graft polymerized onto starch with ferrous ammonium sulfate-hydrogen peroxide initiation. The nitric acid salt was used in most reactions, and graft polymerizations were run in both water and aqueous-organic solvent systems. Increased monomer concentration in water led to an increase in both the percentage of poly(DMAEMA · HNO3) in the graft copolymer (percent add-on) and the molecular weight of grafted branches. Variations in initiator concentration altered the percent add-on only slightly but affected the molecular weight of grafted polymer significantly. When swollen starch, in contrast with unswollen starch was used in graft polymerization reactions run in water, the product had a higher per cent add-on and a larger number of grafted branches of lower molecular weight. The efficiency of starch-poly(DMAEMA · HNO3) graft copolymers as flocculants for diatomaceous silica increased with per cent add-on; however, variations in grafting frequency and graft molecular weight had less effect on the behavior of these materials as flocculants.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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