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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of selected surfactants on the growth characteristics of Gymnodinium breve (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth studies of Gymnodinium breve in nutrient enriched and unenriched medium showed that anionic surfactants have the most deleterious effects on initial response, growth rate, and maximum cell numbers as compared with cationic and non-ionics. Degradation rates were determined, and the surfactant with the most favorable rate (C12 alkyl-benzene sulfonate) was further tested. The growth constant, K e , and maximum cell number, N max , decreased with increasing amount of surfactant added to G. breve cultures (enriched sea-water media); a minimum was observed at 12.5 ppb. Above this concentration the values of K e and N max increased to approach control values. This profile was ascribed to the formation of surfactant micelles that are ineffective. The surfactant produced mortality of G. breve (90% mortality versus 12% in untreated samples) in natural red-tide samples, but other algae and zooplankton were undisturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388492
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of Gymnodinium breve to municipal waste materials (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 24 (1974), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of the unarmored dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve, which is the causative organism in catastrophic fish kills along the Florida Gulf coast, to enrichment with selected inorganic nutrients, municipal waste materials, and various detergent components has been determined. The biostimulatory effects of the various enrichments were determined by a modification of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication. Inorganic nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrate, and ammonia) were added individually and in combination, and the results were compared to equivalent enrichments with the effluent from a secondary sewage-treatment plant. The maximum cell population, Nmax, attained could be increased 3-fold by the sew-age-treatment plant effluent or by the equivalent combination of inorganic nutrients; individually, however, the inorganic nutrients had no pronounced effect on maximum cell population, Nmax (except for a 30% increase produced by slight orthophosphate enrichment). The results of these studies indiccate that, at concentrations of orthophosphate typical of Florida coastal waters (ca. 0.10 ppm), the growth-promoting potential (as reflected by Nmax) of the medium was a linear function of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration (0.01 to 0.11 ppm). The sewage-treatment plant effluent was presumably low in detergent phosphate, having been obtained from a treatment plant some 6 months after the enactment of a ban on phosphate-containing detergents. Additions of orthophosphate or detergent-phosphate to the treatment-plant effluent did not significantly increase the observed biostimulatory effect of the waste material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391897
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable cellular composition of Chromatium in growing cultures (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 73 (1970), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromatium strain D was grown on autotrophic medium with sulfide as the sole electron donor and on heterotrophic media. The following growth parameters were monitored: sulfide, intracellular sulfur, cell number, bacteriochlorophyll, protein, storage polysaccharide, dry weight, and turbidity. In addition, electron micrographs of the bacteria at each stage of growth were prepared. The metabolism and structure of the bacteria were found to be dependent on whether sulfide or sulfur was the primary photosynthetic electron donor during growth as autotrophs. The major effects in shifting from sulfide to sulfur were noted as cessation of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis, decreased cellular protein content, and increased rate of cell division. Such effects were not seen in heterotrophic growth on succinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409947
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of chlorophyll synthesis in Chromatium vinosum (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 76 (1970), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The role of adenine nucleotides in the control of the energy metabolism of Chromatium has been studied through the measurement of the levels of ATP ADP, and AMP in growing cultures. Comparison of these levels with the cellular chlorophyll levels indicates that ATP concentration, and not those of ADP, AMP, or any function of concentration of these three nucleotides, is a controlling factor in chlorophyll synthesis. In addition, the relationship of cellular ATP and chlorophyll levels to sulfur metabolism furnishes further evidence for the existence of two photosystems, postulated previously. The effects of high levels of exogenous ATP and ADP are consistent with these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409314
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronal holes (1972)
    Springer
    Solar physics 26 (1972), S. 354-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coronal holes are extensive regions of extremely low density in the solar corona within 60° of latitude from the equator. (They are not to be confused with the well-known coronal cavities which surround quiescent prominences beneath helmet streamers.) We have superposed maps of the calculated current-free (potential) coronal magnetic field with maps of the coronal electron density for the period of November 1966, and find that coronal holes are generally characterized by weak and diverging magnetic field lines. The chromosphere underlying the holes is extremely quiet, being free of weak plages and filaments. The existence of coronal holes clearly has important implications for the energy balance in the transition region and the solar wind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165276
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representations of coronal magnetic fields including currents (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 36 (1974), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coronal electric currents are superposed on the calculated large-scale current-free (potential) magnetic field of the solar corona and the new magnetic configurations are mapped. The results indicate that relatively large coronal electric currents are required before significant topological deviations from the potential magnetic field configuration can be noticed. Thus any agreement between coronal observations and calculated potential magnetic field configurations should not be interpreted to mean that coronal electric currents are necessarily absent or insignificant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-slit spectrograph and Hα Doppler system (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 37 (1974), S. 343-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A multiple entrance slit spectrograph was built for time-lapse photography of the spectra of flares and other transient solar phenomena. This spectrograph employs narrow-band filters to limit the wavelength range of the spectrograph to several angstroms centered at Hα or other spectral lines. The passband of the filter, and the dispersion of the spectrograph determine the number of parallel slits through which light may be passed to achieve multiple adjacent spectral displays. By using a 7 Å filter, a dispersion of 10.8 Å mm−1, and 35 mm film, adjacent Hα spectra are imaged from 30 parallel slits. A system of mirrors and relay lenses transfers the slitjaw image to the same film plane as the spectral image. A 2 frame camera is used to simultaneously record both images on adjacent frames. Filtering of the reference spatial image to 1.0 Å allows the observer to see the position of the slits relative to the Hα centerline structure and to match the brightness of the spatial image to the spectral display. A polarizing beamsplitter, prior to the slits, provides a prefiltered second solar image to a narrow band Hα Doppler filter for simultaneous photography in the wings of the Hα line. The multislit monochromatic spectrograph and Hα Doppler system constitute a flexible instrument in which components may be substituted to achieve different passbands width, image scales, dispersions and corresponding numbers and spacings of adjacent spectra at a selected wavelength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152493
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The large-scale solar magnetic field (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 39 (1974), S. 3-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The large-scale photospheric magnetic field, measured by the Mt. Wilson magnetograph, has been analyzed in terms of surface harmonics (P n m )(θ)cosmφ and P n m (θ)sinmφ) for the years 1959 through 1972. Our results are as follows. The single harmonic which most often characterized the general solar magnetic field throughout the period of observation corresponds to a dipole lying in the plane of the equator (2 sectors, n = m = 1). This 2-sector harmonic was particularly dominant during the active years of solar cycles 19 and 20. The north-south dipole harmonic (n = 1, m = 0) was prominent only during quiet years and was relatively insignificant during the active years. (The derived north-south dipole includes magnetic fields from the entire solar surface and does not necessarily correlate with either the dipole-like appearance of the polar regions of the Sun or with the weak polar magnetic fields.) The 4-sector structure (n = m = 2) was prominent, and often dominant, at various times throughout the cycle. A 6-sector structure (n = m = 3) occasionally became dominant for very brief periods during the active years. Contributions to the general solar magnetic field from harmonics of principal index 4 ⩽ n ⩽ 9 were generally relatively small throughout this entire solar cycle with one outstanding exception. For a period of several months prior to the large August 1972 flares, the global photospheric field was dominated by an n = 5 harmonic; this harmonic returned to a low value shortly after the August 1972 flare events. Rapid changes in the global harmonics, in particular, relative and absolute changes in the contributions of harmonics of different principal index n to the global field, imply that the global solar field is not very deep or that very strong fluid flows connect the photosphere with deeper layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154967
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choline activation of lithium transport (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 1249-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachweis einer Erhöhung des Li-Austausches in Rinder-Erythrozyten bei Anwesenheit von Cholinchlorid im Extrazellularraum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935100
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated comption effect in very compact radio sources (1971)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 10 (1971), S. 431-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Expressions for the stimulated Compton effect are derived that are complete to order γ/ge/μ, where ε is the photon energy in the laboratory system, and γμ=γm 0 C 2 is the electron energy. Explicit formulas are given for the energy flow between a relativistic electron and a radiation field that obeys a power law so that the number of photons is proportional to ε−m−1. The amount of energy gained by an electron per second is then numerically calculated for conditions suggested by very compact radio sources as a function of the width of the spectrum, the spectral index, and the electron energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649686
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