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  • Cambridge University Press  (1,407)
  • 1980-1984  (853)
  • 1970-1974  (554)
  • 1
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    The influence of diet upon the quantity and types of amino acids entering and leaving the small intestine of sheep (1973)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-12-01
    Description: SUMMARYWether sheep were fed on six forage diets, namely, (1) barn-dried low-N hay, (2) barndried low-N hay plus urea infused intraruminally at 12·6 g/24 h, (3) dried sainfoin, (4) dried lucerne, (5) fresh red clover and (6) dried and pelleted red clover. The proportions of amino acids in the diet and in samples of digesta from the duodenum and ileum were determined.The relative proportions of individual amino acids in the duodenal digesta showed little variation despite the differences in intake and the variation in the proportions of amino acids in the feeds. Only the proportions of methionine, lysine, 2:6 diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) showed significant (P 〈 0·01) variation with respect to diet. In the ileal digesta the proportions of methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, AIB and DAPA showed significant variation by diet.With all diets except lucerne the quantity (g/day) of total amino acids presented at the duodenum was higher than the quantity ingested. There was no correlation between the quantity of total amino acids presented at the duodenum and the quantity disappearing within the small intestine.The duodenal digesta contained a significantly higher (P 〈 0·001) proportion of essential amino acids than did the ileal digesta. This difference was most marked with the diets which supplied a low amino acid intake.With all diets there was little apparent absorption of DAPA in the small intestine.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: SUMMARYA multifactorial experiment sown to winter wheat cv. Hustler in autumn 1978 tested the effects of combinations of the following eight factors, each at two levels: drill type, sowing date, amount of nitrogen, division of nitrogen, irrigation, autumn pesticide (aldicarb), summer aphicide (pirimicarb), and fungicide (carbendazim, maneb and tridemorph).The mean grain yield of all plots was 9·7 t/ha and the best eight-plot treatment mean was 11·3 t/ha. The factors that had the greatest effect on yield were aphicide and fungicide, mainly from the control of Metopolophium dirhodum and Septoria spp. respectively. Both factors increased grain size and their effects were more than additive and greater with 250 than with 160 kg N/ha. Aphicide and fungicide also temporarily decreased the numbers of microbes on the developing ears. Autumn pesticide gave good control of aphids in the winter and some control in the summer: it also decreased nematode populations and slightly increased yields.Precision sowing compared with random distribution of seeds along the row had little effect on growth or yield. Sowing on 21 September compared with 13 October greatly increased growth early in the season but had less effect after anthesis; it was the only factor that increased yield when aphicide and fungicide were applied. There was negligible infection by barley yellow dwarf virus in crops sown on either date. The amount and division of N fertilizer affected N uptake early in the season and had small effects on the production and survival of tillers. Three N applications instead of one slightly increased grain yields but did not affect total N uptake by grains plus straw, which averaged 190 kg N/ha. The larger amount of N always increased N uptake but decreased yield in the absence of aphicide and fungicide. Irrigation slightly decreased yield despite prolonging the duration of green leaf area.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    The geological significance of some Triassic microfossils from the South Orkney Islands, Scotia Ridge (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Description: SummaryLate Triassic Radiolaria have been recovered from a bedded chert collected early in 1977 in the South Orkney islands. This is the first reliable palaeontological evidence for the age of the so-called basement complex that forms most of the exposed rock of a microcontinent on the southern limb of the Scotia Ridge. The fossils place a lower limit on the age of deformation of at least part of the complex as post-Karnian or Norian. The basement is overlain by undeformed Jurassic to Cretaceous conglomerates, which suggests this event took place during the early Mesozoic Gondwanian orogeny.The new data are consistent with the interpretation that the basement complex of the South Orkney Islands represents part of a subduction complex and was accreted to the Pacific margin of Gondwanaland during the late Triassic or early Jurassic time.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Icing Measurements on Fixed and Rotating Cylinders (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: There is at present a need to develop a better technique for measuring the rate of icing on structures such as, for example, overhead transmission lines. For aircraft and helicopter icing, the most widely used method of measurement is the rotating cylinder. However, for measuring the icing of structures, this method is difficult to apply and also less accurate due to lower wind velocities. Different approaches are now being developed using fixed cylinders.Icing tests were conducted with fixed and rotating cylinders in a wind tunnel. The rate of icing was obtained through measurements of volume, accretion cross-section and time of deposition. Tests were made using five different liquid water contents and droplet diameter spectra, and four cylinder diameters, keeping the wind velocity and temperature constant. The rate of icing is presented as a function of the diameters of the fixed and rotating cylinders for each of the liquid water contents tested. Results indicate that at lower wind velocities the accretion rate is overestimated for the smaller rotating cylinders. This difference is probably due to the variation of the collection efficiency with diameter. From these results it is suggested that the rate of ice accretion on structures should be based on at least two fixed cylinders of different small sizes in order to take into account the effect of the collection efficiency.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 5
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    Icing Measurements on Fixed and Rotating Cylinders (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: There is at present a need to develop a better technique for measuring the rate of icing on structures such as, for example, overhead transmission lines. For aircraft and helicopter icing, the most widely used method of measurement is the rotating cylinder. However, for measuring the icing of structures, this method is difficult to apply and also less accurate due to lower wind velocities. Different approaches are now being developed using fixed cylinders. Icing tests were conducted with fixed and rotating cylinders in a wind tunnel. The rate of icing was obtained through measurements of volume, accretion cross-section and time of deposition. Tests were made using five different liquid water contents and droplet diameter spectra, and four cylinder diameters, keeping the wind velocity and temperature constant. The rate of icing is presented as a function of the diameters of the fixed and rotating cylinders for each of the liquid water contents tested. Results indicate that at lower wind velocities the accretion rate is overestimated for the smaller rotating cylinders. This difference is probably due to the variation of the collection efficiency with diameter. From these results it is suggested that the rate of ice accretion on structures should be based on at least two fixed cylinders of different small sizes in order to take into account the effect of the collection efficiency.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 6
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    Carbon Isotope Measurement as An Index of Soil Development (1980)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Description: 14C and 13C enrichment values are reported for a series of surface soil profiles which represent the progressive transition from mor to mull humus induced by birch (Betula pendula) colonization.Variations in Δ and δ13C, which range between 85 to 154‰ modern and −28.1 to −25.3‰ (PDB), respectively, reflect changes in the rate and mode of organic decomposition. The most marked alterations in soil character occur over the first few decades following the introduction of birch, with clear isotopic evidence for the deeper penetration and accelerated mineralization of organic material.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Distribution of Gaseous 12CO2, 13CO2, and 14CO2 in the Sub-Soil Unsaturated Zone of the Western US Great Plains (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: Data on the depth distribution of the major atmospheric gases and the abundance of gaseous 12CO2, 13CO2, and 14CO2 in the subsoil unsaturated zone have been obtained from several sites in the western Great Plains of the United States. Sample profiles range from land surface to depths of 50m. Although each site must be considered on an individual basis, several general statements can be made regarding the profiles. 1) Diffusion of these gaseous molecules through the unsaturated zone is an important transport mechanism. 2) As predicted by diffusion theory, depth profiles of the various isotopic species of CO2 differ substantially from one another, depending on individual sources and sinks such as root respiration and oxidation of organic carbon at depth. 3) In general, post-bomb (〉 100% modern) 14C activities are not observed in the deep unsaturated zone, in contrast to diffusion model predictions. 4) In spite of generally decreasing 14C activities with depth, absolute partial pressures of 14CO2 in the subsoil unsaturated zone are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the partial pressure of 14CO2 in the atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Development and Operation of the Harwell Small Counter Facility for the Measurement of 14C in Very Small Samples (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: The Harwell system for measuring milligram size samples using Brookhaven miniature gas counters is fully operative. It comprises 12 counters of different sizes which operate simultaneously within a single NaI crystal (300mm diameter × 300mm long) acting as an anti-coincidence guard counter. Brief details are given of the construction and commissioning of the system, including counter assembly, shield design, electronics, data capture, data analysis, and chemical processing and filling procedures. The performance of the system and an overall view of the fields of application for which the counters have important applications are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 9
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    Technological Advances in the University of Washington Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: During the past year we have continued to work toward greater stability and flexibility in nearly all elements of our accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system, which is based upon an FN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, and have carried out measurements of 14C/12C and 10Be/9Be isotopic abundance ratios in natural samples. The principal recent developments and improvements in the accelerator system and in our sample preparation techniques for carbon and beryllium are discussed, and the results of a study of 10Be cross-contamination of beryllium samples in the sputter ion source are presented.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Possibility of Climatically Induced Variations in the 14C and 13C Enrichment Patterns as Recorded by a 300-Year-Old Norwegian Pine (1980)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Description: The secular patterns of Δ and δ13C measured in wood cellulose are compared with a palaeotemperature index published for the immediate growth region. 14C enrichment shows an overall decrease of ca 20% (Δ) during the 18th and 19th centuries with shorter term (decade) variations superimposed on the general trend. Measured Δ values correlate significantly with the average mean summer temperatures and indicate a linear coefficient of ca − 10.2% °C–1. Short-term variations in the natural concentration of 14C which are closely related to climatic change may reflect the latitudinal dependence for atmospheric mixing.The secular trend in δ13C covers a range of 2% but variations of this magnitude reflect influences other than those directly associated with climatic change, eg, possible assimilation of recycled biospheric CO2 during early life and post AD 1850 anthropogenic effects. No evidence was found to suggest a significant correlation between δ13C and the mean atmospheric temperature during summer growth periods.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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