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  • Chemistry  (34)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (18)
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1227-1234 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): polyanilines ; derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; oxidation state ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Syntheses of parent polyaniline and methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy ortho-substituted polyanilines were performed using the conventional chemical methodology and monitored using the new open-circuit-potential (Voc) profile technique. The intermediate pernigraniline oxidation state was identified and isolated at the Voc maximum (A) during the conventional chemical synthesis of poly(o-methoxyaniline) in the emeraldine oxidation state. The introduction of the substituent on the aniline ring leads to longer polymerization times and lower Voc values. Syntheses in the presence of two different monomers in solution were also investigated and showed preferential polymerization of the monomer with the lowest Voc potential. All polymers produced were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the substituent on the Voc profile and on the polymer characteristics are rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Schlagwort(e): polyaniline ; pernigraniline oxidation state ; copolymer ; synthesis ; electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polyaniline was electrochemically synthesized in the emeraldine oxidation state and then converted to the pernigraniline oxidation state by applying an electric potential under optimized conditions. The stability/reactivity of polyaniline in the pernigraniline oxidation state was evaluated in various aqueous media. The products of the reduction of the pernigraniline oxidation state by o-toluidine were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The results are consistent with the synthesis of a diblock copolymer of polyaniline/poly(o-toluidine) and also of some poly(o-toluidine) homopolymer in the emeraldine oxidation state as a side product.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 375-375 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1629-1646 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The purpose of the present work has been to produce knowledge as regards the rheological behavior of polymer matrix in nonwoven fibrous reinforcing structures for composites. The results are expected to contribute toward a better understanding of flow mechanisms in fibrous systems in order to develop better techniques for fabricating elastomer-based composites. Theoretical and experimental analyses have been made of interactions between the structural parameters of the fibrous mats and the flow characteristics of the matrix with systematically varied material and process parameters. In nonwoven mats with fibers laid lengthwise, the flow rate along the fiber direction was found to be significantly higher than the flow rate crosswise to the fiber direction. Nonwoven mats with multidirectionally laid fibers exhibited a practically radial flow front pattern. Nonwoven mats made of coarser fibers showed greater matrix polymer flow rate as compared with finer fibers. The matrix flow distance was proportional to the logarithm of injection time. The decrease of pressure in the mold cavity was linearly proportional to the matrix flow distance. The dependence of permeability on the level of compression of the fibrous structure is in agreement with the results published by other workers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1693-1704 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A new type of mold was developed and tested for structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) of elastomer composites having polymer matrices made from a mixture of two components. These mixtures had short pot lives and relatively high viscosity. Channel systems for polymer feeding and vacuum application were investigated. The mold cavity was provided with up to 24 polymer feeding holes and 38 vacuuming holes. The cavity and channels were made from transparent materials that allowed easy observation and video recording of the polymer matrix flow. In addition, some design parameters were studied such as channel layout. Investigations were carried out on the mechanism of polymer matrix flow and fiber breakage during the formation of fiber-reinforced composites made of non-woven fiber reinforcement structures with considerably longer fiber lengths than reported earlier. Other studies included determination of the effects of fiber type, fiber dimensions, and fiber/matrix v/v ratio on the matrix flow during impregnation. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 751-765 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The influence of fiber type and fiber-surface properties on matrix flow behavior was investigated using structural reaction injection-molding (SRIM). The influence of fiber type, fiber-surface properties, and matrix type on strength properties in elastomeric composites reinforced with nonwoven fibrous structures was investigated using tensile tests on elastomer composite samples from SRIM and latex coagulation (LC) fabrication methods and the microbond strength method on individual fibers. The fibers used were PET, LLDPE, and p-aramid. Fibers were treated with epoxy, styrene, and isocyanate derivatives, which make the surface chemically reactive. Treatments were also made with NaOH and a copolymer of polyester and polyol ether, causing a change in the fiber surface energy. The matrix types were polyurethane elastomer and natural rubber. The results show that the surface treatments which produced a change in the surface energy influenced the flow rate of the matrix polymer during the composite fabrication process. The treatments resulted in chemically reactive fiber surfaces which improved the fiber-matrix bond strength without affecting the Young's modulus of the composite material. Good correlation was found between bond strength and surface energy including the dispersive component of surface energy in the case of polyurethane elastomer and surface-modified PET fibers. The age of the polyurethane matrix has a marked influence on the bond strength. The fiber volume fraction in composites has a strong influence on the Young's modulus of the elastomer composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 849-861 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The modulus of a fiber can be increased by plying with it a higher-modulus fiber. In this case, the modulus of the combination is characterized by a springs-in-parallel model, and the modulus of the composite is a linear function of the per cent of the second fiber in the composite. Another method of obtaining reinforcement is to melt-blend a higher-modulus polymer with the substrate polymer. With polyamides, this leads to a certain degree of amide interchange and block copolymer formation which depends on the compatibility of the polymers as well as on the usual kinetic factors. If the dispersion of the higher-modulus polymer is such that aggregate size is relatively large (e.g., ≥500 Å) and if the adhesion between the two polymers is good, a springs-in-parallel-type reinforcement is the best which can be obtained. In melt-blend polyamides, a “nonclassical” phenomenon in reinforcement has been noted when the diameters of the dispersed aggregates are ≤500 Å and when there are a relatively high number of hydrogen bonding sites on both polymer components. In this case, it appears that moduli appreciably higher than predicted from a springs-in-parallel model are obtained as well as higher than expected Tg values. A mechanism is proposed to account for this “nonclassical” behavior along with data to support it. Another type of anomaly is observed when the components of the blend are isomorphous. In this case, the reinforcement is considerably less than expected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 863-874 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A method was developed to measure the adhesion between fibers and fast curing elastomer, in droplet form, using the microbond pull-out method. Samples were fabricated by arranging the fibers as a grid on which elastomer droplets were formed for testing. A droplet sliding test method was developed to investigate the nature of the sites of the droplets on the fiber after displacement of the droplets. Fibers of polyester, aramid, and HMW-polyethylene were tested with resins of polyurethane and natural rubber latex. The fibers had been surface-treated by corona, gamma radiation, or methanol extraction. The shape of the droplets was determined by microscopic measurement. The shear strength of the fiber/matrix bond was tested using a microvise grip in a tensile strength tester. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 908-916 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Hydrostatic extrusion of high density polyethylene at an extrusion ratio of 15:1 was investigated in the temperature range between 100 and 134°C. A thin-walled tube was extruded having a tensile strength of 370 MPa and a tensile modulus of 10 GPa. The extrusion rate was limited by severe extrudate distortion which occurs at a limiting shear stress under stick-slip conditions. Even during steady extrusion wall slip was evident. At a constant extrusion speed, the extrusion pressure was found to be very sensitive to the extrusion temperature. An increase from 120 to 125°C reduced the extrusion pressure by half. Various thermal pretreatments of the starting billets were found to have little effect on the extrusion behavior and physical properties of the extrudate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): electron transfer ; magnetic properties ; metalloporphryins ; polymers ; spin density ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- · 5PhMe [MnIIITtBuPP = meso-tetrakis-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)porphinatomanganese(III)] has been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. The uniform, linear-chain (1-D) coordination polymer comprises alternating cations and anions. The bond lengths in planar ion [C4(CN)6].-]'- are 1.377(10) (CC-CC), 1.418(7) (C-CCC), 1.414 (C-CN), 1.457 (C-CNMn), 1.150 (C≡N), and 1.134 Å (C = NMn). The Mn-N-C angle is 172.3(4)°, and the intrachain Mn  -  Mn separation is 10.685 Å. Each [C4(CN)6].-]' unit is bonded to two MnIII atoms through the interior nitrogen atoms in a trans-μ2-N-σ manner with N-Mn bond lengths of 2.353 Å. The ṽCN absorptions are at 2217 (w, br) and 2190 (m) cm-1. Above 50 K the magnetic susceptibility of [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- can be fitted to the Curie-Weiss expression, χ∝1(T - θ), with an effective θ of -13 K. This is consistent with weak antiferromagnetic coupling, which is in contrast to the effective θ of +67 K for the uniform chain [MnIIIOEP]+[C4(CN)6].- [OEP = octaethylporphinato]. Here, the [C4(CN)6].-'- units are bonded to the MnIII centers through endo CN nitrogen atoms in a similar trans-μ2 manner. Density functional theory MO calculations reveal that the spin density of the CN nitrogen atom bound to [MnIIITtBuPP]+ (0.019 μBÅ-3) is significantly lower than that of the N atom bound to [MnIIIOEP]+ (0.102 μBÅ-3). This is consistent with the reduced spin coupling observed for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-with respect to [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-, as evidenced by the lower θ value. The different orientations of the [C4(CN)6].- units - almost perpendicular (84.72°) for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- and substantially tilted (32.1°) for [MnIIIOEP]+ [C4(CN)6].- may also contribute to the poorer overlap and weaker spin coupling. Hence, binding between sites with large spin densities is needed to stabilize strong ferromagnetic coupling.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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