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  • Springer  (87)
  • 1995-1999  (62)
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 1945-1949  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 112 (1974), S. 887-899 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Eight vertical profiles compiled from simultaneous measurements of Aitken nuclei and ozone concentrations over Germany in different weather conditions are discussed. The position and shape of the profiles is shown to depend on the prevailing weather conditions and the type of air masses. High aerosol concentrations in smoke plumes correlate in some cases with lower ozone concentrations, indicating that ozone in such cases is destroyed in the presence of high concentrations of pollutants such as aerosols and gases. A layered structure in the profiles was found only in association with temperature inversions and where the air above 2 km was subsiding, and was not found in convective parts of the troposphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 97 (1972), S. 219-233 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Registrierungen der Chloridteilchenkonzentration in der bodennahen Luft an der Westküste von Dänemark während einer Dauer von fünf Monaten zeigen eine sehr klare Abhängigkeit vom Wetterablauf. Dabei werden hohe Konzentrationen bei stürmischen Westwetterlagen mit Vorbeizug von Tiefdruckgebieten, niedrige bei Ostwetterlagen mit hohem Luftdruck über Skandinavien gefunden. Dieser Befund zeigt klar, dass grosse Mengen von Chloridteilchen wohl ausschliesslich in den Starkwindfeldern der Zyklonen über dem Meere durch Zerstäuben von Gischt erzeugt werden. Einige Ergebnisse über Grössenverteilungsbestimmungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Summary For a periode of five months, the chloride particle concentrations in the air near the ground were measured at the west-coast of Denmark. The results show clearly, that high concentrations are connected with west wind, especially with passages of cyclones over Denmark or Skagerrak, low concentrations with east wind and anticyclones over Scandinavia. This lead us to the conclusion, that high concentrations of chloride particles are generated in the storm-areas of deep cyclones over the sea.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Iron superoxide dismutase ; SOD ; X-ray absorption ; XAS ; Extended X-ray absorption fine structure ; EXAFS ; P. shermanii ; E. coli ; Metalloproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The local structure of the iron site in ferric superoxide dismutase from P. shermanii was analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The metal-ligand cluster of the enzyme is found to be similar to the crystallographically investigated ferric superoxide dismutase from E. coli. At pH 6.4 the enzyme is five-fold coordinated with three histidines, an aspartate and a water molecule. The average bond lengths between the metal and the histidines are about 2.10 Å, between metal and aspartate they are about 1.86 Å and between metal and water 1.96 Å. With an increase in pH a change in the coordination number from five to six is observed both in pre-edge peak and EXAFS spectra analysis. However, the bond lengths of the ligands do not change dramatically, they are conserved for the aspartate and increase slightly to 2.13 Å for the average metal - histidine distance at pH 9.3. The observation of the increase in coordination number is correlated with a decrease in enzymatic activity which occurs in the high pH range. The zinc EXAFS spectra of P. shermanii superoxide dismutase have shown that zinc can be incorporated in the active center instead of the iron.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Petite mutation ; Error-prone repair ; Paraquat ; Psoralen photo-induced DNA-damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The original pso3-1 mutant isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a pleiotropic mutagen-sensitivity phenotype that includes sensitivity to UVA-activated 3-carbethoxypsoralen, to UVC-light, to mono- and bi-functional nitrogen mustard, to paraquat, and to cadmium; on the other hand, it shows hyper-resistance (HYR) to nitrosoguanidine when compared to established wild-type strains. Also, the original pso3-1 mutant exhibits a low UVC-induced mutability and mitotic gene conversion and a high rate of spontaneous and UVC-induced petite mutations. Since the HYR to the nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) phenotype resembles that of low glutathione-containing yeast cells, the original pso3-1 mutant was crossed to a gsh1 knock-out mutant that lacks the enzyme for the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and the resulting diploid was tested for complementation. While there was none for HYR to nitrosoguanidine, and other low glutathione-related phenotypes, some other phenotypic characteristics of pso3-1, e.g. UVC sensitivity and UVC-induced mutability were restored to a wild-type level. Tetrad analysis of a diploid derived from a cross of the original haploid pso3-1 isolate with a repair-proficient, normal glutathione-containing, PSO3 GSH1 wild-type led to the separation of a leaky gsh1 mutation phenotype from that of the repair-deficient pso3-1 phenotype. Linkage studies by tetrad and random spore analyses indicated no linkage of the two genes. This shows that the low glutathione content in the original pso3-1 isolate is due to a second, additional, mutation in the GSH1 locus and is unrelated to the pso3-1 mutation. Thus, the original pso3-1 isolate is a pso3-1 gsh1 double mutant with most of the particular characteristics of the pleiotropic sensitivity phenotype contributed by either the pso3-1 or the gsh1-leaky mutant allele. The expression of a few phenotypic characteristics of pso3, however, were most pronounced in pso3-1 mutants with a low glutathione pool.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray spectra of a plasma generated by heating CO2 and Ar clusters with high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses with q las≃1018 W/cm2 are investigated. Spatially resolved x-ray spectra of a cluster plasma are obtained for the first time. Photoionization absorption is observed to influence the spectral line profiles. The recorded features of the x-ray emission spectra definitely indicate the existence of a large relative number of excited ions (≃10−2–10−3) with energies of 0.1–1 MeV in such a plasma. Possible mechanisms underlying the acceleration of ions to high energies are discussed. It is shown that the experimental results can be attributed to the influence of ponderomotive forces in standing waves generated by the reflection of laser radiation from the clusters.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.50.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray spectra of a plasma produced by heating CO2 clusters with intense femtosecond laser pulses with λ=0.8 μm and λ=0.4 μm are investigated. Spatially resolved x-ray spectra of the cluster plasma are obtained. The observed characteristic features of the x-ray emission spectra show unequivocally that such a plasma contains quite a large relative number of ions (≃10−2–10−3) with energies of 0.1–1 MeV. The contour of the OVIII Lyα line is found to have characteristic features that are especially conspicuous when the clusters are heated with second-harmonic pulses. These features cannot be explained by any mechanisms known to the authors.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root infection by [Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. F. sp. glycine (Burk.)] (Rfs1), sudden death syndrome (SDS), and soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe; Rhg4 and rhg1) were previously identified in 'Essex' × 'Forrest'. This study tests the effectiveness of those markers in selecting for disease resistance among recombinant inbred lines from 'Flyer' × 'Hartwig'. A total of 535 among 739 lines were scored by two markers, providing four genotypes. A stratified random sample of 50 lines was evaluated for SDS by F. solani root infection severity at two locations and SCN race 3 index of parasitism in the greenhouse. Selection with BLT65 identified 281 among 671 lines with the genomic region that underlies Rhg4-derived SCN resistance. Selection with Satt038 identified 230 among 613 lines containing the genomic region that underlies resistance to SDS (rfs1) and rfg1-derived SCN resistance. A total of 93 out of 535 lines had genomic regions that underlie resistance to both SDS and SCN in Essex × Forrest. Segregation of both markers was not random (P ≤ 0.05). Infection severity means for genotypes with the Hartwig allele at Satt038 (28-29%) were lower (P = 0.0001, R2 = 28%) than with the Flyer allele (31-42%); irrespective of maturity group. BLT65 was not associated with infection severity. Mean SCN index of parasitism was lower (P ≤ 0.05) only for genotypes carrying the Hartwig allele at both Satt038 and BLT65. Therefore, alleles conferring resistance to SDS and SCN in Essex × Forrest are transferable to other populations.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 20 (1971), S. 13-34 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The course of temperature during the expansion is measured; by this it is demonstrated in which manner differences between the construction and operation of condensation nuclei counters affect the process of expansion and the degrees of supersaturation reached and falsify the informations about nucleus concentration.
    Abstract: Résumé En mesurant le cours de la température pendant l'expansion on peut constater comment des différences entre la construction et le fonctionnement des compteurs de noyaux de condensation affectent le procès d'expansion et les degrées de sursaturation atteints et comment ils falsifient les informations sur la concentration en noyaux de condensation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch Messung des Temperaturverlaufs während der Expansion kann festgestellt werden, wie sich Unterschiede in der Konstruktion und der Arbeitsweise bei Kondensationskernzählern auf den Expansionsvorgang und die dabei erzielten Wasserdampfübersättigungen auswirken und die Kernkonzentrationsangaben verfälschen.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 19 (1970), S. 407-438 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For examining the variations of the size distribution in aerosols a recording photoelectrical nucleus counter with three variable expansion degrees has been developed. It is absolutely calibrated by simultaneously photographing the fog droplets in the expansion tube and measuring the extinction. This method gives a secure calibration for every expansion ratio. The recorded concentrations are essentially higher than the values determined with the counter of Scholz, with which a calibration was made by comparison in the usual manner. In contradiction to the statements in other papers a satisfying dissolution into components can be obtained for aerosols which are not too concentrated only be very weak expansions through narrow nozzles. Instead of using the uncertain calculated supersaturation ratios the efficacy of the expansion ratios in dry resp. moist air is determined from direct measurements of the temperature decreases. With the assumption of wettable particles the supersaturation spectra obtained in this way can be transformed into size spectra. These spectra show the variations of the size distribution. The new nucleus counter functions unobjectionably and gives values which are always controlable and without subjective influences.
    Abstract: Résumé Pour des recherches sur les variations de la distribution de la grandeur des aérosols un compteur de noyaux photoélectrique enregistrant avec trois degrés d'expansion a été développé. Son étalonnage a lieu absoluement en photographiant les goutteletes de brouillard dans le tuyau d'expansion sous détermination simultanée de l'extinction. Cette méthode fournit un étalonnage sûr pour chaque degré d'expansion. Les concentrations des noyaux enregistrés sont essentiellement plus hautes que les valeurs du compteur de Scholz, avec lequel un étalonnage de comparaison a été fait de la manière usuelle. Au contraire des résultats publiés dans d'autres publications une décomposition satisfaisante en composantes des aérosols pas trop concentrés peut être obtenue seulement avec des expansions très faibles par des tuyères étroites. Au lieu des valeurs incertaines de sursaturation calculées le rendement des degrés d'expansion pour de l'air sec ou humide est determiné par des mesures directes, des abaissements de la température. Les spectres de sursaturation obtenus peuvent être transformés sour la supposition de particules mouillables, à des distributions de grandeur et laissent reconnaitre les variations des dernières. Le nouveau compteur de noyaux fonctionne irrécusablement et donne des valeurs toujours contrôlables et sans influences subjectives.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zu Untersuchungen über die Änderungen der Größenverteilung in Aerosolen wurde ein registrierender fotoelektrischer Kernzähler mit drei variablen Expansionsstufen entwickelt. Seine Eichung erfolgt absolut durch Fotografieren der Nebeltröpfchen im Expansionsrohr bei gleichzeitiger Bestimmung der Extinktion. Diese Methode liefert für jeden Expansionsgrad eine sichere Eichung. Die registrierten Kernkonzentrationen sind wesentlich höher als die Werte beim Scholzschen Kernzähler, mit welchem in der üblichen Weise eine Vergleichseichung vorgenommen wurde. Im Gegensatz zu den in der Literatur veröffentlichten Befunden kann eine befriedigende Komponentenzerlegung bei nicht zu dichten Außenluftaerosolen erst mit sehr schwachen Expansionen durch enge Düsen erzielt werden. Anstelle der unsicheren berechneten, Übersättigungswerte wird der Wirkungsgrad der Expansionsstufen in trockener bzw. feuchter Luft aus direkten Messungen der Temperaturabsenkungen bestimmt. Die so erhaltenen Übersättigungsspektren können unter der Annahme benetzbarer Teilchen befriedigend in Größenverteilungen umgesetzt werden und lassen Änderungen der letzteren deutlich erkennen. Der neue Kernzähler arbeitet einwandfrei und liefert stets kontrollierbare, von subjektiven Einflüssen freie Werte.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:29.25.Dz Neutron sources – 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds – 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons etc.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstact: The kinetic energy spectrum and the polarization of the PSI neutron beam produced in the reaction 12C(p,n)X at 0° with 590 MeV polarized protons were investigated. A strong energy dependence of the neutron beam polarization is observed which was not expected at the time the neutron beam was built.
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