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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Resolution TOF Neutron Powder Diffractometer with Supermirror Guide (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 321-324 (Jan. 2000), p. 302-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.321-324.302.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion cyclotron range of frequency heating experiments on the large helical device and high energy ion behavior : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2139-2147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating experiments on the Large Helical Device (LHD) [O. Motojima et al. Fus. Eng. Des. 20, 3 (1993)] achieved significant advances during the third experimental campaign carried out in 1999. They showed significant results in two heating modes; these are modes of the ICH-sustained plasma with large plasma stored energy and the neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma under additional heating. A long-pulse operation of more than 1 minute was achieved at a level of 1 MW. The characteristics of the ICRF heated plasma are the same as those of the NBI heated plasma. The energy confinement time is longer than that of International Stellarator Scaling 95. Three keys to successful ICRF heating are as follows: (1) an increase in the magnetic field strength, (2) the employment of an inward shift of the magnetic axis, (3) the installation of actively cooled graphite plates along the divertor legs. Highly energetic protons accelerated by the ICRF electric field were experimentally observed in the energy range from 30 to 250 keV and the tail temperature depended on the energy balance between the wave heating and the electron drag. The transfer efficiency from the high energy ions to the bulk plasma was deduced from the increase in the energy confinement time due to the high energy ions in the lower density discharge, which agrees fairly well with the result obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. The transfer efficiency is expected to be 95% at an electron density of more than ne=5.0×1019 m−3 even in the high power heating of 10 MW. The accumulation of impurities, e.g., FeXVI and OV was not observed in high rf power and long pulse operation. The well-defined divertor intrinsic to LHD is believed to be useful in reducing the impurity influx. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354152
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of the bifurcation nature of the electrostatic potential of a toroidal helical plasma (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4152-4183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The bifurcation nature of the electrostatic structure is studied in the toroidal helical plasma of the Compact Helical System (CHS) [K. Matsuoka et al., Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 411]. Observation of bifurcation-related phenomena is introduced, such as characteristic patterns of discrete potential profiles, and various patterns of self-sustained oscillations termed electric pulsation. Some patterns of the electrostatic structure are found to be quite important for fusion application owing to their association with transport barrier formation. It is confirmed, as is shown in several tokamak experiments, that the thermal transport barrier is linked with electrostatic structure through the radial electric field shear that can reduce the fluctuation resulting in anomalous transport. This article describes in detail spatio-temporal evolution during self-sustained oscillation, together with correlation between the radial electric field and other plasma parameters. An experimental survey to find dependence of the temporal and spatial patterns on plasma parameters is performed in order to understand systematically the bifurcation property of the toroidal helical plasma. The experimental results are compared with the neoclassical bifurcation property that is believed to explain the observed bifurcation property of the CHS plasmas. The present results show that the electrostatic property plays an essential role in the structural formation of toroidal helical plasmas, and demonstrate that toroidal plasma is an open system with a strong nonlinearity to provide a new attractive problem to be studied. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290483
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition in multiple-scale-lengths turbulence in plasmas : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1947-1954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The statistical theory of strong turbulence in inhomogeneous plasmas is developed for the cases where fluctuations with different scale lengths coexist. Statistical nonlinear interactions between semimicro and micro modes are first kept in the analysis as the drag, noise and drive. The nonlinear dynamics determines both the fluctuation levels and the cross field turbulent transport for the fixed global parameters. A quenching or suppressing effect is induced by their nonlinear interplay, even if both modes are unstable when analyzed independently. Influence of the inhomogeneous global radial electric field is discussed. A new insight is given for the physics of the internal transport barrier. The thermal fluctuation of the scale length of λD is assumed to be statistically independent. The hierarchical structure is constructed according to the scale lengths. Transitions in turbulence are found and phase diagrams with cusp type catastrophe are obtained. Dynamics is followed. Statistical properties of the subcritical excitation are discussed. The probability density function (PDF) and transition probability are obtained. Power laws are obtained in the PDF as well as in the transition probability. Generalization for the case where turbulence is composed of three classes of modes is also developed. A new catastrophe of turbulent states is obtained. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1455005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation energy flow at 77 K in the photosynthetic apparatus of overwintering evergreens (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The flow of excitation energy from the antennae to photosynthetic reaction centre complexes at 77 K was studied in leaves of two evergreen species, namely, snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng.) and a hemiparasitic mistletoe (Amyema miquelii, Lehm. ex Miq.). The leaves that were naturally acclimated to winter conditions of freezing temperatures and high irradiance displayed the recently discovered cold-hard-band or CHB feature of the chlorophyll a fluorescence spectra (Gilmore & Ball, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97:11098–11101, 2000). A streak-camera-spectrograph was used and the double convolution integral method for global analysis was applied to simultaneously acquire and simulate, respectively, the time- and wavelength-dependence of all major chlorophyll a components (Gilmore et al. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B-London 355:1371–1384, 2000). The CHB coincided with changed amplitudes and decreased excited state lifetimes for the main F685 nm and F695 nm emission bands from the photosystem II (PSII) core-inner-antenna. The CHB dissipates energy as heat separate from PSII while also reducing the PSII quantum yield by competing for both photon absorption and antenna excitation. The CHB did not correlate with changes in the decay kinetics of the PSI antenna F740 nm band. The spectral-kinetic features of the altered energy flow were similar in the unrelated evergreen species. These results are consistent with a functional association between the CHB, PSII energy dissipation and protective storage of chlorophyll in overwintering evergreens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01026.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a high fat diet on thyroid activity, with special reference to thyroidal responses to cold (1971)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 15 (1971), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Männliche Wistar Ratten lebten 4–5 Wochen bei 20°C und Standardfutter mit 14% Kalorien in Fett oder einem fettreichen Futter (80% Kalorien in Fett). Das fettreiche.Futter bewirkte eine starke Zunahme des braunen und weissen Fettgewebes ohne Änderung des Schilddrüsengewichtes, während die Schilddrüsenaktivität stark abfiel, erkennbar an dem niedrigen T/S Quotienten. Ebenso war die 24-Stunden Umwandlung von131I in proteingebundenes131I (PB131I) niedriger als bei den Kontroll-Tieren, jedoch war der Plasma PB131I-Spiegel der beiden Gruppen gleich. Bei 20°C fiel der PB131I-Spiegel der Kontroll-Tiere innerhalb 48 Stunden langsam ab, während er bei den fettreich gefütterten Tieren gleich blieb. In der Kontrollgruppe bewirkte 3°–5°C Kälteexponierung eine signifikante Erhöhung des PB131I Spiegels mit langsamen Abfall auf die Werte bei 20°C, während der Spiegel bei den fettreich gehaltenen Tieren unverändert blieb. Die fraktionierte Umsatzrate von131I-Thyroxin war in beiden Gruppen gleich.Sie stieg bei Kälteexponierung in der Kontrollgruppe signifikant an und blieb bei den fettreich gefütterten Tieren unverändert. Danach übt fettreiches Futter eine hemmende Wirkung auf die SD-Aktivität und Reaktionen auf Kälte aus.
    Abstract: Resume On a élevé des rats mâles de la race Wistar à 20°C durant 4 à 5 semaines. Les uns recevaient une alimentation normale (14% des calories provenaient de graisses), les autres une alimentation très grasse (80% des calories étaient constitués par des corps gras). L'alimentation riche en graisses a eu pour effet une forte augmentation des tissues adipeux bruns et blancs, mais pas de modification du poids de la glande thyroïde. L'activité de celle-ci fut pourtant ralentie ce qui s'est traduit par une baisse du quotient T/S. La transformation en 24 heures de131I en iode proteïnique131I (PB131I) fut également inférieure que dans le cas des bêtes de contrôle. Pourtant, le taux de PB131I est resté le même dans le plasma des deux groupes. A 20°C, le taux de PB131I diminue lentement en 48 heures chez les bêtes de contrôle alors qu'il est resté le même chez les animaux soumis à un régime gras. Une exposition au froid (3° à 5°C) du groupe de contrôle y a provoqué une hausse significative du taux de PB131I, mais celuici redescendit au niveau antérieur, celui correspondant à 20°C. Dans le cas des rats soumis à un régime gras, on n'a pas constaté d'influence semblable lors de leur exposition au froid. Le taux fractionné de transformation de la thyroxine131I a réagi de même dans les deux groupes: Il y a ici aussi hausse significative dans le groupe de contrôle, mais pas dans celui soumis à un régime gras. Ces résultats laissent supposer, qu'un régime riche en graisses agit comme inhibiteur sur l'activité thyroïdienne et sur les réactions au froid.
    Notes: Abstract Male rats of Wistar strain were fed a standard diet (14% calories as fat or a high fait diet (80% calories as fat) for 4 to 5 weeks at 20°C. A high fat diet caused a marked hypertrophy of brown and white adipose tissue, but no change in the weight of thyroid, while there was a significant decrease in the thyroid activity as indicated by low T/S ratio. Also, the 48-hr conversion ratio of131I to protein-bound131I (PB131I) was lower. However, plasma PB131I level in this group was not different from that in the control group of rats. At 20°C plasma PB131I levels were progressively decreased over a period of 48 hours in the control group, while in the high fat diet group the initial level was maintained throughout the period. In the control group cold exposure at 3° to 5°C caused a significant elevation of PB131I level, but later it decreased to the level at 20°C. In the high fat diet group the plasma PB131I was not influenced by the same cold exposure. Fractional turnover rate of131I-thyroxine was similar in the two groups. It increased significantly on exposure to cold in the control group, while it remained unchanged in the high fat diet one. These results suggest that a high fat diet has some depressive influence on thyroidal activity and the responses to cold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01804718
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma free fatty acid composition in Ainu and Japanese men (1972)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 16 (1972), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verhältnis von Oelsäure in der freien Fettsäurenfraktion (FFA) im Plasma war bei Japanern (n=9) höher als bei Ainus (n=5). Nach Glukose war das Oelsäure-Verhältnis vermindert, während in beiden Gruppen Stearinsäure anstieg. Bei den Japanern ergaben sich ausserdem ein Abfall der Linolensäure und Austiege der Palmitin- und Myristinsäure. Wenn der Plasma FFA-Spiegel nach Noradrenalin-Injektion anstieg, stieg der Oelsäureanteil und fielen die Palmitin-, Myristin- und Laurinsäureanteile und die Zusammensetzung war wie die von Depotfett. Es wird angenommen, dass die Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Plasma FFA bei Japanern und Ainus Folge der unterschiedlichen FFA-Spiegel waren, die bei den Ainu signifikant tiefer lagen.
    Abstract: Resume La proportion d'acide oleique dans l'ensemble des acides gras libres (FFA) du plasma sanguin est plus marquée chez les Japonais (n=9) que chez les Aïnous (n=5). La proportion d'acide oleique a diminuê après l'administration de glucose, car, dans les deux groupes, la teneur en acide stéarique s'est renforcée. On constante en outre une diminution de l'acide linoleique et une augmentation des acides palmitique et myristique. Lorsque, après injection de noradrénaline, le taux de FFA du plasma se relève, on constate une augmentation des quantités relatives de l'acide oleique au détriment de la part prise par les acides palmitique, myristique et laurique et leur composition est semblable aux dépots adipeux. On peut ainsi admettre que les différences de composition du FFA plasmatique découlent du taux dissemblable du FFA entre Aïnous et Japonais. Ce taux est significativement inférieur chez les premiers.
    Notes: Abstract The ratio of oleic acid in the plasma FFA fraction was higher in the Japanese than in the Ainu. When glucose was administered, the proportion of oleic acid was reduced, while that of stearic acid increased in both groups. In the Japanese, moreover, a decrease in linoleic acid and increases in palmitic and myristic acids were also observed. As the plasma FFA level rose after injection of norepinephrine, the proportion of oleic acid increased and that of palmitic, stearic, myristic and lauric acids decreased, and the composition approached the pattern of depot fat. It was inferred that the difference observed in the plasma FFA composition between the Ainu and Japanese was attributable to the difference in the plasma levels of FFA which was significantly lower in the Ainu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810291
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose tolerance test in the Ainu (1972)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 16 (1972), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Glukosetoleranztest wurde bei 10 Ainu und 20 Japanern (Studenten) durchgeführt. Signifikante Unterschiede im Blutzucker, immunreaktiven Insulin und humanen Wachstumshormon im Plasma wurden nach der Glukosegabe nicht gefunden. Die Nüchternwerte der freien Fettsäuren waren in den Ainu signifikant tiefer als bei den Japanern. Die Aenderungen der freien Fettsäuren nach Glukose waren bei den Ainu geringer, während die Japaner einen ausgeprägten "rebound effect" aufwiesen.
    Abstract: Resume On a appliqué un test de tolérance à la glucose à 10 Aïnous et à 20 Japonais d'autres races (tous étudiants). On n'a pas décelé de différence significative après administration de glucose ni dans la teneur en sucre du sang, ni dans le taux d'insuline immunoréactive, ni dans les hormones humaines de croissance contenues dans le plasma. Les coefficients d'acides gras libres (FFA), après un jeûne ont été plus bas chez les Aïnous que chez les Japonais et cela de façon significative. La modification des acides gras libres après administration de glucose a été moins marquée chez les Aïnous alors que les Japonais présentaient un net "effet de rebondissement".
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to find out specific characteristics in carbohydrate metabolism in the Ainu, if any, glucose tolerance test was carried out. Between the Ainu and non-Ainu Japanese no differences were observed in the blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin and human growth hormone levels in the plasma after glucose load. Fasting levels of plasma FFA were significantly lower in the Ainu than in the Japanese. Changes in the FFA after glucose load were less in the Ainu, while the Japanese showed a marked rebound of the plasma FFA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810290
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced sensitivity to noradrenaline of the Ainu (1970)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 14 (1970), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine geringe Dosis Noradrenalin, die bei nicht-Ainu Japanern unwirksam war, bewirkte bei Ainus eine ausgeprägte Erhöhung des Stoffwechsels, des Plasmaspiegels, der freien Fettsäuren und der Gesamt-Ketonkörper. Die Noradrenalin-Empfindlichkeit der Ainus wird als Kennzeichen besonderer Kälteanpassungsfähigkeit erklärt, das für diesen Volksstamm kennzeichend ist.
    Abstract: Resume Une faible dose de noradrénaline, dose qui reste sans effet sur les Japonais n'appartenant pas à la race des Ainous, provoque au contraire une nette élévation du métabolisme énergétique chez les natifs de cette race. Cette élévation se signale notamment par le relèvement du taux des acides gras libres et des masses de kétone dans le sérum sanguin. L'extrême sensibilité des Ainous à la noradrénaline explique la facilité avec laquelle les gens de cette race s'adaptent au froid. Cette facilité d'adaptation est d'ailleurs une des caractéristiques de cette race.
    Notes: Abstract A small dose of noradrenaline, which was ineffective in non-Ainu Japanese subjects, caused marked elevations in energy metabolism and plasma levels of FFA and total ketone bodies in the Ainu. The striking sensitivity to noradrenaline of the Ainu is assumed to indicate a characteristic feature of cold adaptability of this ethnic group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01440963
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional and seasonal differences in the fatty acid composition of human subcutaneous fat (1969)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 13 (1969), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung der Fettsäuren im subcutanen Fett des Menschen wurde gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Die Fettproben wurden in einer Klinik im Norden Japans bei Operationen entnommen. Der prozentuale Anteil an gesättigten Fettsäuren war höher im Fett der Brust und Bauchwand und der an einfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren im Fett des Vorderarms und Beines. Die Anreicherung ungesättigter Fettsäuren in den Extremitäten war im Winter ausgeprägter als im Sommer. In der Zusammensetzung der Fett des Rumpfes fehlte eine jahreszeitenabhängige Variation.
    Abstract: Resume Par analyse chromatographique des gaz, on a déterminé la répartition des acides gras dans les tissus adipeux sous-cutanés de l'homme. Les échantillons de graisse ont été prélevés lors d'opérations dans une clinique du nord du Japon. La proportion d'acides gras saturés était plus élevée dans la graisse de la poitrine et du ventre, alors que les acides gras mono-nonsatures l'emportaient dans l'avant-bras et dans les jambes. L'accumulation d'acides gras non saturés dans les extrémités était plus accentuée en hiver qu'en été. On n'a par contre pas pu établir de relation saisonnière dans la composition de la graisse du tronc.
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid composition of human subcutaneous fat obtained at a hospital in the north of Japan, was determined by means of gas chromatography. In the fat of chest and abdominal walls percentages of saturated fatty acids were higher and those of mono-unsaturated ones were less in comparison with respective values in the fat of forearm and leg. The unsaturation of the fat of extremities was more pronounced in the winter than in the summer, while no seasonal variations were observed in the fatty acid composition of the fat of trunk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552735
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