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  • 1975-1979  (18)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 18 (1979), S. 259-263 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1999-2011 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Upon irradiation with UV light crystalline 1,4-diethynylnaphthalene (1) readily polymerizes in the solid state. The purple polymer formed has a polyene polymer backbone and a molecular weight of 9000. Only one ethynyl group of the monomer participates in the polymerization process, whereas the second ethynyl group remains unreacted. The structure of the photopolymer was proven by spectroscopic methods, and direct evidence was obtained from resonant Raman spectra by comparing the photopolymer of the title compound to poly(1-ethynylnaphthalene) prepared by complex catalysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 2993-2996 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1365-1379 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The four-center solid-state photopolymerization of distyrylpyrazine (DSP) and of 2,6-naphthalene bis(acrylic acid-2,4-dichloro phenyl ester) (NBA-DCP) was investigated by x-ray and microscopic techniques. In both cases the polymer grows as a separate product phase topotactically well arranged with respect to the monomer matrix. In the case of polymerization of DSP the space group of the monomer (Pbca) is not maintained but the polymer phase has space group P21ca. Nucleation and growth of the polymer phase was observed by light and electron microscopy. Nucleation occurs at defect sites. The polymer grows at different rates in different crystallographic directions which were identified by electron diffraction in the case of DSP. Polymerization thus occurs in the transition region between monomer crystal and product phase and not in the bulk of the crystal so that the four-center-type photopolymerization is best described as a heterogeneous solid-state reaction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of the monomer bis(p-toluene sulfonate) ester of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol (pT) is conducive from the viewpoint of both the separation distances and molecular configuration, to polymerization, irrespective of whether initiation is thermal, photochemical, or mechanical. The dislocations present in the monomer and polymer structures have been characterized by employing optical microscopic techniques. The slip system (102)[010] is found to be present in both monomer and polymer crystals but the (010)[001] system is found only in the monomer. On this basis a crystal structure for the monomer is proposed based on existing crystallographic information relating to the structure of the polymer. Dislocations are thought, on energetic grounds, to facilitate nucleation of product in the thermal polymerization but have no observable influence on the photoinduced reaction which proceeds homogeneously through the bulk.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 89 (1977), S. 432-432 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1639-1642 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 2573-2576 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige Festkörperrcaktionen. die zur Bildung von Polymer-Kristallen führen. werden diskutiert und es wird gezeigt, wie man die Ergebnisse der morphologischen Untersuchungen dazu verwenden kann, den Mechanismus der Festkörperpolymerisation aufzuklären. Beispiele für die folgenden drei Mechanismen werden im einzelnen behandelt: (a) Kristallisation der makromolckularen Ketten nach der Polymerisation, (b) simultane Polymerisation und Kristallisation, (c) Polymerisation in fester Lösung.Als ein Beispiel für Kristallisation nach bereits erfolgter Polymerisation wird die Morphologie von Ziegler-Natta Olefin-Polymerisaten diskutiert. Ein anderes Beispiel dafür liefert die kationische Polymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan aus Lösungen. Es wird gezeigt. daß in diesem Fall das System einem thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht zwischen der kristallinen Phase des Polymeren und dem gelösten Monomeren zustrebt. Dabei findet durch Aufbrechen der Kettenfalten und Einbau von Monomereinheiten ein Dickenwachstum der Kristalle statt, das schließlich zur Entstehung von gestrecktkettigen Kristallen durch diese Transacctalisierung führt.Die durch Bestrahlung oder katalytisch induzierte Festkörperpolymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan oder 1,3,5,7-Tetroxan stellt ein Beispiel für simultane Polymerisation und Kristallisation dar. Einige molekulare Modelle für das Wachstum der Ketten werden auf Grund der morphologischen Beobachtung entwickelt. Es zeigt sich, daß bei diesen Reaktionen im allgemeinen keine wirklichen gestrecktkettigen Kristalle des Poly(oxymethylen)s. (POM) entstehen; Ursache dafür ist entweder Kettenfaltung (Dichtefluktuation entlang der Faserachse) oder Zwillingsbildung (Orienticrungsfluktuation). Art und Ursprung der Zwillingsbildung von POM aus kristallinem 1,3,5-Trioxan wird im einzelnen erörtert.Die topochemische Polymerisation von Monomeren mit konjugierten Dreifachbindungen gibt ein Beispiel für Polymerisation in fester Lösung. Die Polymerketten wachsen als isolierte Einheiten im Gitter des Monomeren. In einigen Fällen kann das gesamte Monornere ohne Phasentrennung umgesetzt werden. Dadurch entstehen makroskopische Polymer-Einkristalle aus gestreckten Ketten. die bisher noch nicht auf andere Weise dargestellt werden konnten.
    Notes: Some solid-state reactions which give rise to the formation of polymer crystals are discussed and the observation of the nascent polymer morphology is used as a guide-line to learn about the reaction mechanism of solid-state polymerizations. Examples for the following three different mechanisms are treated in detail: (a) crystallization succeeding polymerization, (b) simultaneous polymerization and crystallization, and (c) polymerization in solid solution.The nascent morphology of poly(alkylene)s obtained by Ziegler-Natta catalysis is taken as an example for crystallization succeeding polymerization. Another example is the cationic polymerization of 1,3,5-trioxane from solution. In this case a thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases of the solid crystalline polymer and the dissolved monomer is approached; here, by breaking up chain folds and insertion of monomeric units, an increase in thickness of the crystals takes place, which finally leads to extended chain crystals by this transacetalization.The solid-state polymerization of 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3,5,7-tetroxane as induced by high-energy radiation or catalysts is described as an example for simultaneous polymerization and crystallization. Possible molecular models of the chain growth are developed on the basis of the morphological observations. Truly extended chain crystals of poly(oxymethylene), (POM), cannot be obtained generally from solid 1,3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane; the reason for this is either chain-folding (density fluctuation along the fibre axis) or “twin”-structure formation (orientation fluctuation). The nature and origin of the “twin”-structure of POM from crystalline 1,3,5-trioxane is discussed in detail.Topochemical polymerization of monomers with conjugated triple-bonds is an example for polymerization in solid solution. The polymer chains grow as isolated macromolecules within the monomer lattice. Since quantitative conversion can be reached in some cases without phase separation, this comprises a method to produce macroscopic, extended chain polymer single crystals, which so far could not be prepared by another method.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Synthese von gestrecktkettigen Kristallen aus Copolymeren des Trioxans mit 1,3-Dioxolan, 1,3-Dioxan, 1,3-Dioxepan und 1,3,6-Trioxocan durch kationische Copolymerisation wird beschrieben. Dichte, Schmelzpunkt und Schmelzenthalpie in Abhängigkeit vom Molenbruch x2 der Comonomereinheiten werden angegeben. In jeder Serie von Copolymeren nimmt die Dichte und die Schmelzenthalpie mit zunehmendem Monomergehalt für x2 〈 0,1 linear ab. Der Schmelzpunkt Tm nimmt zunächst mit zunehmendem x2 linear ab, erreicht dann jedoch ein Plateau, in dessen Bereich Tm unabhängig von der Zusammensetzung ist. Die Daten werden im Sinne der Theorie von Eby ausgewertet, die das Schmelzen von Copolymerkristallen beschreibt. Die Defektenthalpien bezogen auf die einzelnen Comonomereinheiten werden angegeben.
    Notes: The synthesis of extended chain crystals of copolymers of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxepane, and 1,3,6-trioxocane by cationic copolymerization is described. Density, melting point, and enthalpy of melting are reported as depending on the mole fraction x2 of the comonomer units. In each series the density decreases linearly with increasing comonomer content for x2 〈 0,1. The melting temperature Tm decreases first linearly with increasing x2, but reaches a plateau in which Tm becomes independent of the composition. The data are analysed in terms of Eby's theory of melting behaviour, and defect enthalpies related to the individual comonomer units are derived.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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