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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 13 (1977), S. 563-583 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les deux paramètres, C et m, qui caractérisent l'équation de Paris pour la propagation des fissures de fatigue sont expliqués en relation avec le concept de fermeture d'une fissure suggéré par Elber. On propose que la grandeur du changement effectif du facteur d'intensité de contrainte ΔK nécessaire à l'accroissement d'une fissure figure à une puissance deuxième dans une corrélation avec le taux de croissance. La croissance d'une fissure est essentiellement déterminée par le dommage cumulatif infligé au matériau dans la zône de déformation plastique cyclique au voisinage de l'extrémité de la fissure; il est relativement insensible aux valeurs appliquées de ΔK et aux propriétés mécaniques du matériau. Toutefois, le comportement à la fermeture d'une fissure devrait dépendre à la fois du taux de contrainte et des propriétés du matériau. Il est donc conclu que le paramètre exponentiel m représente principalement la dépendance du comportement à la fermeture d'une fissure par rapport à ΔK. A titre d'exemple, dans le cas de m=4, le niveau de fermeture de la fissure augmente linéairement avec un accroissement de ΔK, tandis que, dans le cas de m=2, il demeure constant. On suggère que les déformations cycliques à l'extrémité de la fissure peuvent varier avec ΔK et modifient ainsi en premier lieu le comportement à la fermeture de la fissure plutôt que le processus d'accumulation de dommages dans la zône plastique.
    Notes: Abstract The two parameters, C and m, which characterize the Paris equation for fatigue crack growth are explained in relation to the crack closure concept suggested by Elber. It is proposed that the range of effective incremental change in stress intensity factor (ΔK) needed for crack growth should have a second power correlation with the growth rate. The crack growth is essentially determined by cumulative damage to the material in cycled plastic zone near the crack tip, and is relatively insensitive to the applied ΔK-values and the mechanical properties of material. However, the crack closure behavior is expected to depend on both the stress range and the material properties. Thus it is concluded that the exponent parameter m reflects mainly the dependency of crack closure behavior on ΔK. For example, in the case of m=4 the crack opening level increases linearly with increase in ΔK, while in the case of m=2 it remains constant. It is suggested that the cyclic straining at the crack tip possibly varies with ΔK, thus changing primarily the crack closure behavior rather than the damage accumulation process in the plastic zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 1335-1353 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The delayed retardation phenomena of fatigue crack growth resulting from a single application of overload were investigated for five steels, two aluminium alloys and a titanium alloy. As long as the small scale yielding condition was satisfied at the overloaded crack tips, the retardation behaviour of these materials was expressed consistently by four parameters; the peak/baseline stress ratio, r, the exponent in the Paris equation, m, the overload-affected zone size, ω D, and the crack distance at the minimum rate of crack growth, ω B. Then the parameters, ω B and ω D, characterizing the retardation phenomena for these materials were determined. The retardation of aluminium alloys was stronger than that of the other materials. This is attributed to the lower value of ω B/ω D in aluminium alloys than in the other materials. In the case of r=2, the overload-affected zone sizes, ω D, were nearly equal to 1.5ω 0 in HT80 steel and aluminium alloys, slightly lower than 1.5ω 0 in SNCM8 steel and much larger than 1.5ω 0 in A553 steel and the titanium alloy, where ω 0 is the monotonic plastic zone size calculated according to the Dugdale model. The dependence of retardation on baseline stress intensity, ΔK 1, appeared somewhat complicated. In the cases of A553 steel and A2017 aluminium alloy the amount of retardation increased with increasing ΔK 1 value, while in the cases of HT80 steel and Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloy the tendency appeared in the reverse direction. The former behaviour was related to the change in the stress state from plane strain to plane stress at the overloaded crack tips and the latter was related to the threshold of stress intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1976), S. 656-664 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Low cycle fatigue was considered in relation to back-stress hardening. Cyclic stress-strain behaviours under controlling strain and stress conditions were investigated for a quenched and tempered low alloy steel which contained cementite particles. The cyclic stress-strain states obtained by the two prescribed tests were uniquely described using a parameter which reflected the cumulative reversible plastic work associated with the back-stress hardening. It was suggested that the effect of back-stress hardening on cyclic deformation should appear directly on the cyclic stress-strain curves defined as the loci of the tips of stable hysteresis loops. The initial slopes of the cyclic stress-strain curves for several steels were demonstrated to coincide with the theoretical work-hardening rates calculated on the basis of back-stress hardening due to the included carbide particles. Finally, the Manson-Coffin law was explained from the view that the surface damage would progress in parallel with the structure change in the bulk according to the persistency of slips resulting from the reversible back-stress hardening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 1073-1080 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Non-linear stress relaxation data were obtained for polycarbonate and polystyrene as a function of temperature, strain magnitude and thermal history. Data were analyzed according to the previously proposed free volume model to account for the shift of relaxation times with strain and thermal history. The result of the analysis is shown to be in close agreement with the tensile stress-strain data. The yield phenomenon is analyzed as a rate dependent strain-induced glass to rubber transition.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 7 (1978), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Raman-active ν3 band of ethylene-H4 measured with a resolution of about 0.5 cm-1 was analysed by using the computing program prepared for the analysis of Raman spectrum under low or medium resolution. Results close to those of Foster et al. were obtained from this analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1978-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1977-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1977-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0376-9429
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2673
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1976-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Degradation techniques, including pyrolysis, depolymerization, and oxidation, were used to study the insoluble polymer from the Murchison C2 chondrite. Oxidation with Cr2O7(2-) or O2/UV led to the identification of 15 aromatic ring systems. Of 11 aliphatic acids identified, three dicarboxylic acids presumably came from hydroaromatic portions of the polymer, whereas eight monocarboxylic acids probably derive from bridging groups or ring substituents. Depolymerization with CF3COO4 yielded some of the same ring systems, as well as alkanes (C1 through C8) and alkenes (C2 through C8), alkyl (C1 through C5) benzenes and naphthalenes, and methyl- or dimethyl -indene, -indane, -phenol, -pyrrole, and -pyridine. All these compounds were detected below 200 C, and are therefore probably indigenous constituents. The properties of the meteoritic polymer were compared with the properties of a synthetic polymer produced by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. It is suggested that the meteoritic polymer was also produced by surface catalysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 41; Sept
    Format: text
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