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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of nucleotides with homoionic clays (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 12 (1979), S. 365-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732031
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HCN: A plausible source of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids on the primitive earth (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 11 (1978), S. 293-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: HCN ; Cyanide ; HCN oligomers ; 4,5-Dihydroxypyrimidine ; Orotic Acid ; 5-Hydroxyuracil ; Adenine ; 4-Aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide ; Prebiotic ; Primitive earth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Dilute (0.1M) solutions of HCN condense to oligomers at pH 9.2. Hydrolysis of these oligomers yields 4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine, orotic acid, 5-hydroxyuracil, adenine, 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide and amino acids. These results, together with the earlier data, demonstrate that the three main classes of nitrogen-containing biomolecules, purines, pyrimidines and amino acids may have originated from HCN on the primitive earth. The observation of orotic acid and 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide suggests that the contemporary biosynthetic pathways for nucleotides may have evolved from the compounds released on hydrolysis of HCN oligomers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733839
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  • 3
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    Amino acids in carbonaceous chondrites (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Studies with the combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer were conducted to characterize further the amino acids found in extracts of the Murchison meteorite. With the exception of beta-aminoisobutyric acid, all of the amino acids which were found in previous studies of the Murchison meteorite and the Murray meteorite have been identified. The results obtained lend further support to the hypothesis that amino acids are present in the Murchison meteorite as the result of an extraterrestrial abiotic synthesis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 4
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    The optical nature of methylsuccinic acid in human urine (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methylsuccinic acid was isolated from human urine, derivatized as the di-S-(+)-2-butyl ester, and analyzed using a gas chromatographic system capable of separating the enantiomers of the derivative. The R-(+)-isomer was found to be present. Methylsuccinic acid is potentially important as a criterion for abiogenicity, having been obtained as a racemic mixture from sources known to be abiotic.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: Biomedical Medicine; 13; 1975
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  • 5
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    Quantification of monocarboxylic acids in the Murchison carbonaceous meteorite (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The abundances of some of the straight- and branched-chain isomers of the monocarboxylic acids found in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite are determined. Monocarboxylic acids extracted from a crushed sample of Murchison interior were quantified by means of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy after a spiking solution of deuterated analogues of 11 carboxylic acids had been added. Monocarboxylic acid abundances are found to range between 1.83 and 0.01 micromole/g, which is significantly higher than Murchison amino acid concentrations, and to decrease with increasing carbon number for both branched and unbranched molecules. The results are interpreted to support the abiotic extraterrestrial synthesis of monocarboxylic acids. Possible mechanisms leading to the equal synthesis of branched and each unbranched carboxylic acid with the same carbon number are considered, noting that the Fischer-Tropsch Type mechanism by itself is incapable of accounting for the observed distributions.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 282; Nov. 22
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The role of metal ions in chemical evolution - Polymerization of alanine and glycine in a cation-exchanged clay environment (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The effect of the exchangeable cation on the condensation of glycine and alanine was investigated using a series of homoionic bentonites. A cycling procedure of drying, warming and wetting was employed. Peptide bond formation was observed, and the effectiveness of metal ions to catalyze the condensation was Cu(2+) greater than Ni(2) approximately equals Zn(2+) greater than Na(+). Glycine showed 6% of the monomer incorporated into oligomers with the largest detected being the pentamer. Alanine showed less peptide bond formation (a maximum of 2%) and only the dimer was observed.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Molecular Evolution; 13; Nov. 197
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  • 7
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    Ion-exchange separation of nucleic acid constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Journal of Chromatography; 174; 1979
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  • 8
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    Selective photodestruction of alpha-amino acids (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A problem encountered in the analysis of amino acids in chemical evolution experiments and in extracts of meteorites is the large number present. A method for selectively destroying the alpha-amino acids, with only the beta- and gamma-amino acids remaining in the solution, is described. The amino acids used were racemic, with one milliliter of solution containing 0.0000025 mol of each acid irradiated in a 1-cm quartz cell having 254-nm monochromatic light in the presence of CuCl2. Excess H2S was added to precipitate the Cu (2+) as CuS. A gas chromatographic analysis was used to observe that irradiation with 254-nm light in the presence of Cu (2+) destroyed all the amino acids except the beta and the gamma types. It is concluded that with such a procedure, complex mixtures of amino acids can be simplified to make identification by GC mass spectrometry easier.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: Analytical Biochemistry; 90; 1978
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Association of nucleotides with homoionic clays (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The binding of nucleotides to homoionic clays is studied as a possible mechanism for the concentration and catalysis of biological or prebiotic materials on the prebiotic earth. Samples of radioactively labeled adenosine and thymidine nucleotides were mixed in solutions with bentonite, kaolinite or Dowex-50 particles in which all exchangeable sites were occupied by Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu or Zn ions. The binding of nucleotides to homoionic clays is observed, with adenosine nucleotides favored over thymidine, bentonite as the best absorber, and greater binding to clays homoionic in transition metal ions. Results indicate that the oligomerization of nucleotides may be possible by this mechanism, however difficulties in nucleotide variability and base pairing may arise due to the observed preference for purines at the adsorption sites.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Molecular Evolution; 12; Apr. 12
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    HCN - A plausible source of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids on the primitive earth (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dilute (0.1 M) solutions of HCN condense to oligomers at pH 9.2, and hydrolysis of these oligomers yields 4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine, orotic acid, 5-hydroxyuracil, adenine, 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide, and amino acids. It is suggested that the three main classes of nitrogen-containing biomolecules - purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids may have originated from HCN on the primitive earth. It is also suggested that the presence of orotic acid and 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide might indicate that contemporary biosynthetic pathways for nucleotides evolved from the compounds released on hydrolysis of HCN oligomers.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Molecular Evolution; 11; Oct. 6
    Format: text
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