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  • 1975-1979  (18)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 17 (1978), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2395-2404 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic 8π-Systems, 8. 1,4-Dihydropyrazines and 1,4-Dihydropyrazine AnionsUnder anion-generating conditions the 1-benzyl-1,2-dihydropyrazines 4 avoid the formation of systems with formally delocalize 8π-electrons. Deprotonation of the N -benzyl group leads to diazabicycloheptenes 8. The dimerisation ofα-arylaminoketones 10 does not lead to the corresponding 1,4-diaryl-1,4-dihydropyrazines 11 or 1-aryl-1,2-dihydropyrazines 12, but results in the formation of symmetrical 1,4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrazines 14. These formally antiaromatic 8π systems are stabilized by nonplanarity of the ring and of the substituents. The formation and structure of these systems and also the electron spin resonance of the corresponding radical cation formed by acidic le⊖-oxidation are discussed.
    Notes: Die 1-Benzyl-1,2-dihydropyrazine 4 weichen bei der Anionerzeugung der Bildung eines Systems mit 8 delokalisierbaren π-Elektronen aus. Unter Deprotonierung der N-Benzylgruppe entstehen Diazabicycloheptene 8. Beim Versuch, aus α-Arylaminoketonen 10 durch dimerisierende Kondensation entsprechende 1,4-Diaryl-1,4-dihydropyrazine 11 bzw. die umgelagerten 1-Aryl-1,2-dihydropyrazine 12 zu synthetisieren, wurden die symmetrischen 1, 4-Diaryl-1, 4-dihydropyrazine 14 erhalten. Diese formal antiaromatischen einkernigen 8π-Systeme werden durch Unebenheit des Ringgerüstes und der Liganden stabilisiert. Ihre Bildung, Struktur sowie die Elektronenspinresonanz der bei saurer 1e⊖-Oxidation gebildeten Radikalkationen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1976 (1976), S. 1276-1288 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Reactivity of the „Covalent Hydrates“1) in the Alloxazine SeriesN1-Monoanions B1 of alloxazines 1(A) react slowly via 2,cleavage in an equilibrium reaction at pH 11 - 14 with formation of a carbaminate 5, which on acidification is stabilized to the „alloxazine hydrate“ A-OH2. The large difference in the pK value between the alloxazine and its hydrate permits separation of both species. - In the case of Nl-alkylalloxazines 1 (R1 ≠ 4: H) the hydrate formed undergoes irreversible decarboxylation to yield the wellknown 2-alkylamino-3-quinoxalinecarbox-N-alkylamides 2, while the stable „hydrates“ A-OH2 arising from N1-unsubstituted alloxazines 1c- e (R1 = H) require heat for decarboxylation to the Nalkyl-N′-(2-quinoxalinyl)ureas 10. - The stable „hydrates“ A-OH2 have been shown to have the structure 6. They are methylated at the oxygen with ring opening to give the methyl esters of 5. Dehydration of 5 back to the alloxazines 1 can be achieved by the reaction with acid anhydrides. The acid-base properties, mechanism of formation and decomposition, and the UV, 1H-NMR, and IR spectra of the „alloxazine hydrates“ are in good agreement with structure 6 and readily explain the ease of alkaline reformation of the carbaminate 5 to the alloxazine 1. This reaction provides the key to an understanding of hydrolysis in the alloxazine and isoalloxazine series.
    Notes: N1-Monoanionen B1 von Alloxazinen 1(A) reagieren im pH-Bereich 11 -14 langsam unter 2,3-Ringöffnung zu einem Gleichgewicht mit einer Carbaminatform 5, welche durch Ansäuern stabilisiert wird zum „Alloxazin-hydrat“ A-OH2. Der große Unterschied der pK- Werte von Alloxazin und seinem „Hydrat“ ermöglicht die Trennung beider Spezies. - Im Falle von N1-Alkylalloxazinen 1 (R1 ≠ H) decarboxyliert das gebildete „Hydrat“ irreversibel zu den bekannten 2-Alkylamino-3-chinoxalincarbonsäure-N-alkylamiden 2, während die stabilen „Hydrate“ A-OH2, erhalten aus den N1-unsubstituierten Analoga 1 c- e (R1 = H), Wärme benötigen, um zu N-Alkyl-N′-(2-chinoxalinyl)harnstoffen 10 decarboxyliert zu werden.-Für die stabilen „Hydrate“ A-OH2 wurde die Struktur 6 ermittelt. Sie werden am Sauerstoff unter Ringöffnung zu Methylestern von 5 methyliert. Die „Dehydratisierung“ von 6 zurück zu 1 läßt sich mit Säureanhydriden erzielen. Die Säure/Base-Eigenschaften, Bildung und Zerfall sowie UV-, 1H-NMR- und IR-Spektren der„Alloxazin-hydrate werden durch die Struktur vom Typ 6 befriedigend erklärt, so insbesondere die Leichtigkeit der alkalischen Rückbildung der Carbaminate 5 zum Alloxazin 1. Die Reaktion erweist sich als Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Hydrolyse von Alloxazin und Isoalloxazin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 193-213 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,5-Dihydro-5-thiaflavines10-Alkylpyrimido[5,4-b]benzothiazines 1b (5-thiaflavines) have been prepared by acidic cyclization of aryl pyrimidyl sulfides 13 which are formed from 2-(alkylamino)thiophenols and 5-chloropyrimidines. The structure of the 5-thiaflavines 1b has been characterized by comparison of their IR, electronic, 1H-NMR and ESR spectra with those of analogous dihydroflavines and dihydrodeazaflavines. Deprotonation at N-1 and protonation at C-4a were proved by UV and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The ESR spectra of thiaflavine cations show spin localization in the thiazine nucleus. On alkylation in potassium carbonate/dimethylformamide substitution occurs in positions 1-4 and at S-5, the latter reaction yielding the “S-ylides” 20. On alkylation in N-ethyldiisopropylamine/chloroform ylide formation is the sole reaction. Under mild conditions the benzyl group migrates from position S-5 to position C-4a and to the oxygen at C-4. Thermal rearrangement of 10-benzylthiaflavine 14f furnishes the compound substituted at C-4a. The spectroscopic data of thiaflavines and dihydroflavines and their alkyl derivatives demonstrate that these systems are not only formally isoelectronic but also isochromic.
    Notes: 10-Alkylpyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzothiazine 1b (5-Thiaflavine) entstehen durch saure Cyclisierung von Arylpyrimidylsulfiden 13, welche aus 2-(Alkylamino)thiophenolen und 5-Chlorpyrimidinen erhalten werden. Durch Vergleich ihrer IR-, Elektronen-, 1H-NMR- und ESR-Spektren mit denen analoger Dihydroflavine und Dihydrodesazaflavine wird die Struktur der 5-Thiaflavine 1b charakterisiert. Deprotonierung an N-1 und Protonierung an C-4a werden UV- und 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch belegt. Aus den ESR-Spektren der Thiaflavin-kationen ergibt sich eine Spinlokalisation im Thiazinkern. Bei der Alkylierung in Kaliumcarbonat/Dimethylformamid erfolgt Substitution in den Positionen 1-4 sowie Alkylierung an S-5 zu den “S-Yliden” 20. Bei der Alkylierung in N-Ethyldiisopropylamin/Chloroform ist die Ylidbildung die ausschließliche Reaktion. Aus der Position S-5 wandert der Benzylrest schon unter milden Bedingungen in die Position C-4a und an den Sauerstoff an C-4. Die thermische Umlagerung des 10-Benzylthiaflavins 14f liefert quantitativ die an C-4a substituierte Verbindung. Die spektroskopischen Daten der Thiaflavine und der Dihydroflavine sowie deren Alkylderivate zeigen, daß diese Systeme nicht nur formal isoelektronisch sondern auch isochrom sind.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 87 (1975), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 88 (1976), S. 475-476 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 14 (1975), S. 110-111 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 15 (1976), S. 443-444 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1978-01-10
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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