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  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1
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    An introduction to orbit dynamics and its application to satellite-based earth monitoring systems (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The long term behavior of satellites is studied at a level of complexity suitable for the initial planning phases of earth monitoring missions. First-order perturbation theory is used to describe in detail the basic orbit dynamics of satellite motion around the earth and relative to the sun. Surface coverage capabilities of satellite orbits are examined. Several examples of simulated observation and monitoring missions are given to illustrate representative applications of the theory. The examples stress the need for devising ways of maximizing total mission output in order to make the best possible use of the resultant data base as input to those large-scale, long-term earth monitoring activities which can best justify the use of satellite systems.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1009 , L-11710
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Mission analysis to define satellite orbits for earth radiation budget measurements (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Information is presented concerning the number of satellites, the orbit altitude, and the inclinations which will provide the spatial and temporal earth coverage required for accurate radiation measurements on regional, zonal, and global scales. Measurement considerations are discussed and an analysis is conducted regarding the selection of suitable orbit parameters. Attention is also given to the results of a simulation model study for the determination of the radiation which can be measured by satellite sensors in different orbits.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-811 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Mission analysis for satellite measurements of stratospheric constituents by solar occultation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Orbital characteristics and launch vehicle requirements for a solar occultation experiment measuring atmospheric constituents, such as aerosols or ozone, during the Nimbus-G and Applications Explorer Missions are analyzed. The experiment to be flown is basically a sun photometer which measures the spectral attenuation of solar radiation by the earth's atmosphere during spacecraft sunrise and sunset, yielding two aerosol and/or ozone stratospheric profiles per orbit. The tangent latitudes and longitudes as well as frequency of these measurements are analyzed for various spacecraft orbits to define maximum geographical coverage capability. Results indicate that a 50 deg inclined orbit for Applications Explorer provides latitude coverage from approximately 70 deg north to 70 deg south every 2-1/2 weeks. A high-moon, sun-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 99 deg for Nimbus-G will provide for coverage of occultation measurements at high latitudes near the polar regions (i.e., 64 to 80 deg north and south). The solar pointing requirements of the experiment in terms of yaw and pitch angles are also defined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-57 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 20, 1975 - Jan 22, 1975; Pasadena, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Statistical sampling analysis for stratospheric measurements from satellite missions (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Earth orbiting satellite experiments can be designed to measure stratospheric constituents such as ozone by utilizing remote sensing techniques. Statistical analysis techniques, mission simulation and model development have been utilized to develop a method for analyzing various mission/sensor combinations. Existing and planned NASA satellite missions such as Nimbus-4 and G, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment-Application Explorer Mission (SAGE-AEM) have been analyzed to determine the ability of the missions to adequately sample the global field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants; Nov 06, 1977 - Nov 11, 1977; New Orleans, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The geometry of stellar occultation measurements on long-duration atmospheric monitoring missions (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Geometrical considerations are presented for analyzing use of the stellar occultation technique on long duration earth atmosphere monitoring missions. The simulated mission data are presented for three representative orbits. Bright near infrared stars are used as examples of how extensive global longitude-latitude coverage is obtained by performing occultation measurements on several stars during the course of a one year mission. A comparison is made with similar missions using the sun as a light source.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-80138
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    A comparison of spacecraft penetration hazards due to meteoroids and manmade earth-orbiting objects (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ability of a typical double-walled spacecraft structure to protect against penetration by high-velocity incident objects is reviewed. The hazards presented by meteoroids are compared to the current and potential hazards due to manmade orbiting objects. It is shown that the nature of the meteoroid number-mass relationship makes adequate protection for large space facilities a conceptually straightforward structural problem. The present level of manmade orbiting objects (an estimated 10,000 in early 1975) does not pose an unacceptable risk to manned space operations proposed for the near future, but it does produce penetration probabilities in the range of 1-10 percent for a 100-m diameter sphere in orbit for 1,000 days. The number-size distribution of manmade objects is such that adequate protection is difficult to achieve for large permanent space facilities, to the extent that future restrictions on such facilities may result if the growth of orbiting objects continues at its historical rate.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73978
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Orbit design for solar and dual satellite occultation measurements of atmospheric constituents (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Two types of satellite-based occultation missions are considered for measuring atmospheric constituents. Nominal cases for each type are presented to demonstrate representative solutions to orbit design problems. For the solar occultation mode, large areas of the globe can be covered during a 1-year mission, but the measurements are limited to local dawn or dusk. For the dual satellite mode, with a laser aboard a second satellite to act as a source, diurnal coverage can be obtained at the expense of more complex systems and mission scenarios. In this mode, orbit pairs are selected which maintain their relative orbit plane geometry while their differing periods drive cyclic patterns of latitude coverage. A simulated 1-year solar occultation mission is used to illustrate one way of analyzing occultation data by averaging measurements within bands of constant latitude.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: Astrodynamics Specialist Conference; Sept. 7-9, 1977; Jackson Hole, WY; US
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The geometry of stellar occultation measurements on long-duration atmospheric monitoring missions (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Geometrical considerations are presented for analyzing use of the stellar occultation technique on long-duration earth atmosphere monitoring missions. Simulated mission data are presented for three representative orbits. Bright near-IR stars are used as examples of how extensive global longitude-latitude coverage can be obtained by performing occultation measurements on several stars during the course of a 1-year mission. A brief comparison is made with similar missions using the sun as a light source.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AAS PAPER 79-101 , American Astronautical Society and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference; Jun 25, 1979 - Jun 27, 1979; Provincetown, MA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Orbit design for solar and dual satellite occultation measurements of atmospheric constituents (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two types of satellite based occultation missions are considered for measuring atmospheric constituents. Nominal cases for each type are presented to demonstrate representative solutions to orbit design problems. For the solar occultation mode, large areas of the globe can be covered during a one year mission, but the measurements are limited to local dawn or dusk. For the dual satellite mode, with a laser aboard a second satellite to act as a source, diurnal coverage can be obtained at the expense of more complex systems and mission scenarios. In this mode, orbit pairs are selected which maintain their relative orbit plane geometry while their differing periods drive cyclic patterns of latitude coverage. A simulated one year solar occultation mission is used to illustrate one way of analyzing occultation data by averaging measurements within bands of constant latitude.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-80137 , AIAA PAPER 79-101 , AAS/AIAA Astrodyn. Specialist Conf.; Jun 25, 1979 - Jun 27, 1979; Provincetown, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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