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  • 1975-1979  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Some 50 LANDSAT images displaying mesoscale cloud features were analyzed. This analysis was based on the Rayleigh-Kuettner model describing the formation of that type of mesoscale cloud feature. This model lends itself to computation of the average wind speed in northerly flow from the dimensions of the cloud band configurations measured from a LANDSAT image. In nearly every case, necessary conditions of a curved wind profile and orientation of the cloud streets within 20 degrees of the direction of the mean wind in the convective layer were met. Verification of the results by direct observation was hampered, however, by the incompatibility of the resolution of conventional rawinsonde observations with the scale of the banded cloud patterns measured from LANDSAT data. Comparison seems to be somewhat better in northerly flows than in southerly flows, with the largest discrepancies in wind speed being within 8m/sec, or a factor of two.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E77-10009 , NASA-CR-148980 , P-0619
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10272 , NASA-CR-142681 , ERT-P-408-S
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10271 , NASA-CR-142680 , ERT-P-407-S
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comparative analysis of satellite visible channel imagery and ground based aerosol measurements is carried out for three cases representing a significant pollution episodes based on low surface visibility and high sulfate levels. The feasibility of detecting pollution episodes from space is also investigated using a simulation model. The model results are compared to quantitative information derived from digitized satellite data. The results show that when levels are or = 30 micrograms/cu, a haze pattern that correlates closely with the area of reported low surface visibilities and high micrograms sulfate levels can be detected in satellite visible channel imagery. The model simulation demonstrates the potential of the satellite to monitor the magnitude and areal extent of pollution episodes. Quantitative information on total aerosol amount derived from the satellite digitized data using the atmospheric radiative transfer model agrees well with the results obtained from the ground based measurements.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-159107
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The spatial and temporal measurement requirements of satellite sensors for monitoring regional air pollution episodes were evaluated. Use was made of two sets of data from the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE), which provided the first ground-based aerosol measurements from a regional-scale station network. The sulfate data were analyzed for two air pollution episode cases. The results of the analysis indicate that the key considerations required for episode mapping from satellite sensors are the following: (1) detection of sulfate levels exceeding 20 micron-g/cu m; (2) capability to view a broad area (of the order of 1500 km swath) because of regional extent of pollution episodes; (3) spatial resolution sufficient to detect variations in sulfate levels of greater than 10 micron-g/cu m over distances of the order of 50 to 75 km; (4) repeat coverage at least on a daily basis; and (5) satellite observations during the mid to late morning local time, when the sulfate levels have begun to increase after the early morning minimum levels, and convective-type cloud cover has not yet increased to the amount reached later in the afternoon. Analysis of the satellite imagery shows that convective clouds can obscure haze patterns. Additional parameters based on spectral analysis include wavelength and bandwidth requirements.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-159092
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10255 , NASA-CR-146627 , P-619-3
    Format: application/pdf
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