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  • Other Sources  (24)
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1975-1979  (14)
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  • 1
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    Energetic solar proton vs terrestrially trapped proton fluxes (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The relative importance of solar and trapped proton fluxes in the consideration of shielding requirements for geocentric space missions is analyzed. Using models of these particles, their fluences encountered by spacecraft in circular orbits are computed as functions of orbital altitude and inclination, mission duration, threshold energy (10 to 100 MeV), and risk factor (for solar protons only), and ratios of solar-to-trapped fluences are derived. It is shown that solar protons predominate for low-altitude polar and very high-altitude missions, while trapped protons predominate for missions at low and medium altitudes and low inclinations. It is recommended that if the ratio of solar-to-trapped protons falls between 0.1 and 10, both fluences should be considered in planning shielding systems.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 12; Feb. 197
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  • 2
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    Lunar magnetic permeability studies and magnetometer sensitivity (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A regression of quiet magnetic field components simultaneously measured by the two Explorer 35 magnetometers reveals uncertainties in effective sensitivity factors of up to a few percent in one or both of these instruments. Given this, the validity of previous lunar permeability studies based on Explorer 35/ALSEP regressions, wherein inferences are drawn from regression line slopes differing from unity by the order of one percent, is called into question. We emphasize the need to critically address the question of small deviations in magnetometer sensitivity factors from nominal values as a part of any two-magnetometer lunar permeability study.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 4; Apr. 197
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  • 3
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    Solar radio burst and in situ determination of interplanetary electron density (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A few interplanetary electron density scales which were derived from the analysis of interplanetary solar radio burst are discussed and compared to a model derived from 1974 to 1980 Helios 1 and 2 in situ density observations made in the 0.3 to 1.0 AU range. The Helios densities were normalized to 1976 with the aid of IMP and ISEE data at 1 AU, and were then sorted into 0.1 AU bins and logarithmically averaged within each bin. The best fit to these 1976-normalized, bin averages is in N(R(AU)) = 6.1 R(-2.10)/cu cm. This model is in rather good agreement with the solar burst determination if the radiation is assumed to be on the second harmonic of the plasma frequency. This analysis also suggests that the radio emissions tend to be produced in regions denser than the average where the density gradient decreases faster with distance than the observed R(-2.10). Previously announced in STAR as N83-35989
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 90; 401-412
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  • 4
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    Plasma electron observations in the vicinity of magnetic holes (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In the present study, 14 events of interplanetary magnetic field dips are identified. Eleven of these are found to be associated with significant enhancements in the flux of electrons of energies of approximately 100 eV. Five (of the eleven) are characterized by significant changes in the magnetic field direction, and six are not. Thus, even though an electron enhancement is usually seen at a dip, the enhancement need not be always associated with magnetic reconnection, for which a directional change is essential. It appears that some events involve local acceleration, possibly the results of reconnection, while others may involve electrons injected onto the field line at a remote point.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Sept. 1
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  • 5
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    Availability of IMP-7 and IMP-8 data for the IMS period (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The relation of IMP-7 and IMP-8 data to the International Magnetospheric Study is discussed. Relevant spacecraft and experiment characteristics, and the nature and accessibility of data from each experiment, are identified. Finally the potential value of IMP data in IMS studies is illustrated with a few citations from the IMP Bibliography and with figures from a recent multiple-data-set magnetotail plasma sheet study.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 6
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    A survey of long-term interplanetary magnetic field variations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Interplanetary-magnetic-field data from the IMP-10, IMP-A, and Heos spacecraft have been merged into a composite data set spanning the period from 1963 to 1974. Consideration of the mutual consistency of the individual data sets reveals agrement typically to within 0.2 gamma. Analysis of the composite data set reveals the following: (1) although the yearly averaged magnitudes of all field vectors show virtually no solar-cycle variation, the yearly averaged magnitudes of positive- and negative-polarity field vectors show separate solar-cycle variations consistent with variations in the average azimuthal angles of positive- and negative-polarity field vectors; (2) there is no solar latitude dependence of long-time average field magnitudes; (3) field vectors parallel to the earth-sun line are on the average 1 gamma less in magnitude than field vectors perpendicular to this line; and (4) the solar latitude-dependent dominant polarity effect exhibits a complex sign reversal in the period from 1968 to 1971 and a measure of symmetry in 1972 through 1974 not found in earlier data.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Feb. 1
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  • 7
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    Intense interplanetary magnetic fields observed by geocentric spacecraft during 1963-1975 (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In the present paper, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data are reviewed over a period exceeding one full solar cycle for intervals in which the magnetic intensity was greater than 13 gammas. One hundred forty nine intervals of this type, with almost complete plasma and magnetic field data, are identified. Most (79%) of these enhancements could be associated either with interplanetary shocks or with high-speed stream interfaces. Half of the remaining 21% of the enhancements could be identified as cold magnetic enhancements, while the other half could not be associated with a single shock, interface, or cold magnetic enhancement.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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  • 8
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    Solar cycle variations in IMF intensity (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Annual averages of logarithms of hourly interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) intensities, obtained from geocentric spacecraft between November 1963 and December 1977, reveal the following solar cycle variation. For 2-3 years at each solar minimum period, the IMF intensity is depressed by 10-15% relative to its mean value realized during a broad 9-year period centered at solar maximum. No systematic variations occur during this 9-year period. The solar minimum decrease, although small in relation to variations in some other solar wind parameters, is both statistically and physically significant.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Oct. 1
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  • 9
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    On the enhancement of the IMF magnitude during 1978-1979 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) exhibits an enhancement during 1978-1979 relative to all years back to 1963. It is shown that IMF magnitude variations over the 1966-1979 period represent the combined effect of variations in both the radial flux density of the IMF and the degree of spiraling of the IMF, consistent with the theoretical model of Parker. The 1978-1979 IMF magnitude enhancement is due to an enhancement of radial flux which was in turn related to an increase of magnetic flux leaving solar active regions. It is also shown that during the corotating stream dominated years 1973-1976, the IMF was less wound up than it was during other years, and that 1973-1974 were years of enhanced radial flux.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; June 1
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  • 10
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    Multiple spacecraft observations of interplanetary shocks Four spacecraft determination of shock normals (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: ISEE 1, 2, 3, IMP 8, and Prognoz 7 observations of interplanetary shocks in 1978 and 1979 provide five instances where a single shock is observed by four spacecraft. These observations are used to determine best-fit normals for these five shocks. In addition to providing well-documented shocks for future investigations these data allow the evaluation of the accuracy of several shock normal determination techniques. When the angle between upstream and downstream magnetic field is greater than 20 deg, magnetic coplanarity can be an accurate single spacecraft method. However, no technique based solely on the magnetic measurements at one or multiple sites was universally accurate. Thus, the use of overdetermined shock normal solutions, utilizing plasma measurements, separation vectors, and time delays together with magnetic constraints, is recommended whenever possible.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; June 1
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