ALBERT

Description: Strontium isotopic ratios of gypsums recovered from upper Miocene (Messinian) evaporites at ODP Leg 107 Holes 652A, 653B, and 654A (Tyrrhenian Sea) are lower than expected. The values for the Messinian balatino-like gypsum, single gypsum crystals, and anhydrites range from 0.70861 to 0.70886 and are approximately 25 * 10**-5 less than would be expected for evaporites precipitated from Messinian seawater (0.70891-0.70902). Pre-evaporitic planktonic foraminifers from Hole 654A show variable degrees of dolomitization and 87Sr/86Sr values that irregularly decrease upward from normal marine values approximately 81m below the lowest evaporite occurrence. This suggests diagenetic alteration by advecting interstitial water with a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio or that the lower Sr isotopic ratios for the Messinian evaporites could have resulted from a greater influence of fresh water on the Sr isotopic composition of the desiccating Tyrrhenian Sea. Fluctuations of the 87Sr/86Sr-ratio for evaporites in the sedimentary cycles recognized for Holes 653B and 654A, the generally low Sr isotopic ratio of river water entering the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of dwarf marine microfossils suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the evaporites responded to hydrologic variations in a very restricted basin with variable rates of marine and fresh water input. The strontium isotopic ratios of the Messinian anhydrites from the proposed lacustrine sequence at Hole 652A fall in the same range as the marine evaporites from Holes 654A and 653B. This suggests a common or similar origin of the brines at the three locations. The complex depositional and hydrologic conditions in the Mediterranean during the Messinian salinity crisis preclude the use of Sr isotopic values from the evaporites for stratigraphic correlation and dating. They are, however, very useful in the interpretation of the depositional history of the basin. General calculations assuming a closed system suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of Messinian seawater (-0.7090) could be reduced to that of the evaporites (-0.7087) by mixing with fresh water (e.g., Nile River) in times of 10**4 to 10**5 yr.

Description: Because of its position between the North Atlantic and the Arctic oceans, its young age, small size, and diversity of geological structures, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea provided a unique target for deep drilling on Leg 38 of the Glomar Challenger. From studies of the sediments and basement rocks it was expected to gain insight particularly as to the following: 1) The tectonic framework and evolution of this area with special emphasis on the continental margins and on questions concerned with shifts of spreading axis and existence of foundered continental areas. 2) The youngest times of existence of land bridges between Eurasia and North America and the effect these land bridges had on water circulation and paleoclimates. 3) The date of the initiation of glaciation and dates of glacial advances and retreats. 4) Description of the Tertiary marine microfauna and microflora of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, which are essentially unknown at present, and investigation of their similarity with microfauna and microflora from other areas.

Description: Unlike many cruises of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 48 was scientifically planned to drill a number of sites to systematically address the problems of passive margin evolution. Site 400 was drilled at the foot of the Meriadzek Escarpment of North Biscay in 4399 meters depth. The site was located in a half-graben forming part of a succession of tilted and rotated fault blocks near the continent/ocean boundary. Site 401 was situated on the planated edge of a tilted fault-block underlying the southern edge of the Meriadzek Terrace on the north Biscay margin. Site 402 was located on the upper slope of the northern continental margin of the Bay of Biscay. The main objectives were to establish the presence or absence of shallow water Upper Cretaceous beds, and to penetrate pre-Aptian synrift sediments and the upslope equivalent of the deep water Albian-Aptian carbonaceous mudstones penetrated at Hole 400A.