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  • Articles  (55)
  • Springer  (55)
  • 2000-2004  (24)
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1905-1909  (16)
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  • Articles  (55)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and Variability of Surface Soil Properties at a Regional Scale (2000)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 64 (2000), S. 974-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Keywords: MBC, microbial biomass carbon MEP, Mehlich extractable phosphorus MLRA, Major Land Resource Areas MWD, mean-weight diameter NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service NRI, National Resource Inventory PMN, potentially mineralizable nitrogen PSU, primary sampling units TOC, total organic carbon WSA, water stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: e transformation resulted in normal distributions for most soil properties and reduced variability two- to threefold. However, a few soil properties remained non-normally distributed. Soil pH may be monitored at the regional scale with a high degree of precision. Small changes in soil C content (3–8% of the regional mean) may be detected using loge transformed total organic C as the indicator. Sampling soil properties as part of the NRI should improve NRCS' ability to monitor soil condition on a regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of vertical atmospheric structure in a deep mountain valley (1977)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 26 (1977), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Dezember 1975 wurden durch eine Fesselballonsonde die vertikalen Temperatur- und Windprofile im Gore River Valley im westlichen Colorado ermittelt. Aus Beobachtungen an einem wolkenlosen Morgen bei einer anfangs starken Inversion im Tal zeigte sich, daß die Inversionsobergrenze stetig um 120 m Std−1. absank und nach ungefähr vier Stunden den Talgrund erreichte. Schwache Talabwinde wehten innerhalb der Inversionsschicht. während stärkere Talaufwinde oberhalb derselben herrschten. Eine Hypothese wird vorgeschlagen, um diese Beobachtungen zu erklären. Die Abkühlung am späten Nachmittag und am Abend, wobei die Bildung einer Inversion einsetzte, deren Schichtdicke in weniger als zwei Stunden 175 m betrug, ist Gegenstand einer gesonderten Untersuchung. Winde innerhalb der Inversionsschicht wurden nicht mehr von den Winden in der freien Atmosphäre beeinflußt und blieben im Laufe der Nacht sehr schwach. Bewölkung während der Erwärmungsperiode an einem Morgen hatte zur Folge, daß das Temperaturprofil sich Isothermie näherte, indem Erwärmung gleichmäßig im ganzen Luftraum des Tales sich fortsetzte.
    Notes: Summary A tethered balloon sounder was used to collect vertical temperature and wind structure data in the Gore River Valley of Western Colorado during December, 1975. Observations taken on a clear morning in which a deep inversion was initially present in the valley showed that the inversion top descended at a steady rate of ∼120 m hr−1. reaching the valley bottom after approximately 4 hours. Weak down-valley winds were present within the inversion layer while stronger up-valley winds prevailed above. A hypothesis is presented to account for these observations. A case study is presented for afternoon and evening cooling in which a ground-based inversion developed to a depth of 175 m in less than 2 hours. Winds within the inversion became decoupled from the synoptic-scale winds and remained very weak during the night. The effect of cloud cover during a morning heating cycle was to make the temperature soundings approach isothermal while sensible heating continued throughout the valley volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246534
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Physical Tourist¶Scientific Travels in the Irish Countryside (2000)
    Springer
    Physics in perspective 2 (2000), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6960
    Keywords: Key words. History of science; Ireland; Rosse Telescope; St. Patrick's College; Birr Demense; Irish National Museum (Galway); Giant's Causeway.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Newly-prosperous Ireland has a number of sites which the scientific traveller can visit. There are apparatus museums at Birr and Maynooth, and a collection of early apparatus at the physics department of the Irish National University in Galway. The main attraction at Birr is the Rosse Telescope, with its 6-ft diameter speculum, built in the 1840s, and recently refurbished. Travellers to Northern Ireland can see applied geology at the Giant's Causeway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000160050048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in flood-plain vegetation and land use along the Missouri River from 1826 to 1972 (1977)
    Springer
    Environmental management 1 (1977), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Flood-plain vegetation ; Land use ; Channelization ; Bank-stabilization ; Flood-plain forest succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Changes in vegetation and land use since 1826 were evaluated along the 800 kilometer portion of the Missouri River flood-plain that extends across the State of Missouri using County Land Office Survey records for 1826 and aerial photos for 1937, 1958, and 1972. The combined results show a decline in flood-plain forest coverage from 76% in 1826 to 13% in 1972; cultivated land increased from 18% to 83% during the same time. Uncultivated-unforested areas increased from 6% in 1826 to 27% in 1937, then declined to 1% in 1972; these changes occurred coincident with extensive bank-stabilization and channelization activities initiated in 1912 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Riverbank stabilization activity since that time may account for the increased rate of decline in flood-plain forests from 0.25% per year between 1826 and 1937 to 1.6% per year between 1937 and 1972. The overall species composition of the 1826 flood-plain forests was found to be most similar to mature forest stands evaluated in 1972; similar frequencies in 1826 and 1972 occurred for hackberry (Celtis occidentalis; 80% in 1826, 83% in 1972), elm (Ulmus spp.; 80% and 83%), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis; 57% and 50%). Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), found only in mature flood-plain forests in 1972, was recorded along 54% of the 1826 section lines. These combined data indicate (1) that pre-settlement flood-plain forests were extensive and included frequent, mature stands, (2) that in certain areas substantial portions of the flood-plain were in cultivation prior to extensive riverbank stabilization and channelization, and (3) that increased flood-plain forest clearing occurred coincident with increased bank-stabilization activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01865861
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seed dispersal Seed shadow Hornbills Telemetry Tropical frugivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We studied two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill, C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill, C. cylindricus, in the tropical forests of Cameroon, to understand their movement patterns and evaluate their effectiveness as seed dispersers. To estimate hornbill contribution to a particular tree species' seed shadow we combined data from movements, determined by radio-tracking, with data from seed passage trials. For 13 individuals tracked over 12 months, home range varied between 925 and 4,472 ha, a much larger area than reported for other African avian frugivores. Seed passage times ranged from 51 to 765 min, with C. atrata showing longer passage times than C. cylindricus, and larger seeds having longer gut retention times than smaller seeds. Combining these data, we estimated that seed shadows were extensive for the eight tree species examined, with approximately 80% of seeds moved more than 500 m from the parent plant. Maximum estimated dispersal distances for larger seeds were 6,919 and 3,558 m for C. atrata and C. cylindricus, respectively. The extent of hornbill seed shadows suggests that their influence in determining forest structure will likely increase as other larger mammalian dispersers are exterminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New ways of determining structural groups in brown coals and their bioconversion products by FT IR spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract New methods of determining the structural groups —COOH and —CH2— have been developed. The investigation of carboxyl groups is possible both after derivatization with p-fluorophenacylbromide and by quantitative interpretation of the Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectra. There exists a linear relationship between the results of these two methods that is generally valid for the analysis of all brown coal components. The maximum extinction coefficient of the symmetric stretching vibration band of the CH2 groups has been determined using model substances. This allows quantification of this structural group directly from the FT IR spectrum. The results agree with the contents of methylene groups as determined by 13C-cross polarization–magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy. Using these methods, the COOH and CH2 groups contained in brown coals of the North Rhine region and in their bioconversion products have been quantified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementation of genetic disease: A velocity sedimentation procedure for the enrichment of heterokaryons (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 1013-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methodology is described to enrich for heterokaryons after mammalian cell fusion. A heterogeneous cell mixture can be separated on a Sta-Put apparatus into fractions of uniform size cells by sedimentation through a 1% bovine serum albumin-5% Ficoll gradient. Unfused RAG and LM/TK− cells, differing by 10% in diameter, have been sorted by size; following fusion, larger and faster sedimenting cells were shown to be hybrids. This methodology can be utilized in genetic complementation studies of human genetic diseases where selection procedures for proliferating hybrids do not exist. When fibroblasts from individuals with Tay-Sachs disease [deficient in hexosaminidase A (HEX A−)] and Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease (HEX A− and HEX B−) are fused, HEX A is generated, demonstrating complementation of two different mutations. After Sta-Put fractionation, the HEX A complementation product was associated with the faster sedimenting multinuclear cells and not with the mononuclear parental cells. This methodology will facilitate detection of genetic differences in fibroblasts from related inherited disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542657
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Soft Computing Approach to Road Classification (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 29 (2000), S. 349-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Current learning approaches to computer vision have mainly focussed on low-level image processing and object recognition, while tending to ignore high-level processing such as understanding. Here we propose an approach to object recognition that facilitates the transition from recognition to understanding. The proposed approach embraces the synergistic spirit of soft computing, exploiting the global search powers of genetic programming to determine fuzzy probabilistic models. It begins by segmenting the images into regions using standard image processing approaches, which are subsequently classified using a discovered fuzzy Cartesian granule feature classifier. Understanding is made possible through the transparent and succinct nature of the discovered models. The recognition of roads in images is taken as an illustrative problem in the vision domain. The discovered fuzzy models while providing high levels of accuracy (97%), also provide understanding of the problem domain through the transparency of the learnt models. The learning step in the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as decision trees, naïve Bayes and neural networks using a variety of performance criteria such as accuracy, understandability and efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008158907779
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyethylene glycol-induced mammalian cell hybridization: Effect of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and concentration (1976)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 2 (1976), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and concentration on mammalian cell hybridization were studied. The peak hybridization-inducing activity with all grades of PEG from 400–6000 was found to occur in the concentration range of 50–55%. However, changes in concentration were seen to have different quantitative effects with different grades of PEG. For monolayer fusions, PEG 1000 at 50% seems to be the optimal combination of PEG molecular weight and concentration, in terms of both efficiency of hybridization and relative insensitivity to dilution effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538965
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioautographic visualization of aminoacylase-1: Assignment of the structural geneACY-1 to chromosome 3 in man (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A bioautographic assay was developed for the visualization of aminoacylase-1 (N -acylamino acid aminohydrolase, ACY-1; EC 3.5.1.14) after zone electrophoresis. Bioautography and species differences in electrophoretic mobility of ACY-1 made it possible to investigate the chromosome assignment of the gene for human ACY-1 using human—mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human ACY-1 segregated concordantly with β-galactosidase-A (βGAL A;EC 3.2.1.23) but showed discordant segregation with 32 other markers representing 23 linkage groups. The β GALA gene has been previously assigned to chromosome 3. From this evidence and confirming chromosome analyses, ACY-1has been assigned to chromosome 3. A genetic polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of ACY was observed in mouse strains, demonstrating that this enzyme can be mapped in genetic crosses of Mus musculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538782
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