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  • 1
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    Brain grafts reduce motor abnormalities produced by destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine system (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: In order to determine if brain tissue grafts can provide functional input to recipient central nervous system tissue, fetal rat dopamine-containg neurons were implanted adjacent to the caudate nucleus of adult recipients whose endogenous dopaminergic input had been destroyed. The grafts showed good survival and axonal outgrowth. Motor abnormalities, which had been induced by the destruction of the endogenous dopaminergic input to the caudate, were significantly reduced after grafting of the fetal brain tissue. These data suggest that such implants may be potentially useful in reversing deficits after circumscribed destruction of brain tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perlow, M J -- Freed, W J -- Hoffer, B J -- Seiger, A -- Olson, L -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):643-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/571147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hydroxydopamines/toxicity ; Male ; Movement Disorders/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease/therapy ; Rats ; Stereotyped Behavior/physiology ; Substantia Nigra/embryology/physiology/*transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Assessment of diagnostic technologies (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-24
    Description: A general protocol for rigorous evaluation of diagnostic systems in medicine was applied successfully in a comparative study of two radiologic techniques. Accuracies of computed tomography and radionuclide scanning in detecting, localizing, and diagnosing brain lesions were assessed with a sample of patients in whom tumor had been suspected. The principal means of analysis was the "relative operating characteristic," which is unique in providing a measure of accuracy that is largely independent of decision biases. Computed tomography was found to be substantially more accurate than radionuclide scanning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swets, J A -- Pickett, R M -- Whitehead, S F -- Getty, D J -- Schnur, J A -- Swets, J B -- Freeman, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 24;205(4408):753-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Brain Diseases/radiography/radionuclide imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/radiography/radionuclide imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; False Negative Reactions ; False Positive Reactions ; Humans ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Lymphocyte function of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Michigan dairy farm residents ate farm products containing polybrominated biphenyls (PBB's) after the accidential contamination of animal feed with the chemical in that state in 1973. The circulating blood lymphocytes of these residents show significant changes. Abnormalities include decreases in the numbers and percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes that form rosettes with either sheep erythrocytes alone or with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement, increases in lymphocytes with no detectable surface markers ("null" cells), and altered responses to tests designed to evaluate functional integrity of the cells. There appears to be no consistent correlation between the concentration of PBB's in the plasma and the altered lymphocytes. Studies showed that in Wisconsin dairy farm residents and healthy individuals in the New York area who were not exposed to PBB's there were no such abnormalities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bekesi, J G -- Holland, J F -- Anderson, H A -- Fischbein, A S -- Rom, W -- Wolff, M S -- Selikoff, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1207-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biphenyl Compounds/*pharmacology ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lectins ; Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Michigan ; Monocytes/physiology ; Polybrominated Biphenyls/blood/*pharmacology ; Rosette Formation ; Rural Health ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Enhanced dexamethasone resistance in cystic fibrosis cells: potential use for heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are more resistant to dexamethasone toxicity than are normal cells. We now report that, when fibroblasts cultured from obligate CF heterozygotes are exposed to dexamethasone, they have an intermediate survival compared to normal and homozygous CF cells. When dexamethasone survival was tested on cells from four patients undergoing amniocentesis, cells from a woman at risk of producing a child with CF showed significant dexamethasone resistance, similar to that of fibroblasts derived from lnown CF homozygotes; the other amniotic cell specimens showed dexamethasone sensitivity similar to that of normal skin fibroblasts. These data suggest that the dexamethasone resistance previously observed in skin fibroblasts may also be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, J L -- Epstein, J -- Fontaine, J H -- Forbes, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amniotic Fluid/cytology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis/genetics/*physiopathology ; Dexamethasone/*toxicity ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Effects of naloxone on schizophrenia: reduction in hallucinations in a subpopulation of subjects (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Endogenous opiate-like peptides (endorphins) are putative neuroregulators located throughout the mammalian brainstem. There is some evidence for their role in pain, stress, and affect. We report that the opiate antagonist, naloxone, alters some schizophrenic symptoms. In a double-blind, cross-over study, naloxone produced decreases in auditory hallucinations in some schizophrenic patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endorphins may play a roll in modulating hallucinations in a highly selected subgroup of chronically hallucinating schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Berger, P A -- Akil, H -- Mills, M J -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Endorphins/physiology ; Hallucinations/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Shifts in perception of size after adaptation to gratings (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: After viewing a suitable grating of vertical stripes for 5 minutes, subjects overestimated the width of a rectangle by 6 percent. The shifts in perception of size occurred whether individual stripes in the grating were narrower than, equal to, or wider than the rectangle. Rectangle width was underestimated only if the grating stripes were extremely wide, with a spatial frequency lower than most of the effective amplitude spectrum of the rectangle. These findings (and complementary ones with horizontal gratings) suggest that the visual system codes size on the basis of spatial frequency components, rather than directly in terms of width.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frome, F S -- Levinson, J Z -- Danielson, J T -- Clavadetscher, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Humans ; Size Perception/*physiology ; Visual Fields ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and plasma prolactin concentrations in man (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: Increases in plasma prolactin concentrations produced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, varied inversely with baseline platelet monoamine oxidase activity in 12 patients with chronic schizophrenia. In normal volunteers with low monoamine oxidase activity and in unmedicated patients with chronic schizophrenia, plasma prolactin concentrations varied directly with platelet monoamine oxidase activity. No such relationship was found in normal subjects with high platelet monoamine oxidase activity. These data suggest that platelet monoamine oxidase activity reflects monoaminergic activity in the tubero-infundibular system, which in turn affects plasma prolactin concentrations. This relationship may be important in patients with low platelet monoamine oxidase activity, such as some chronic schizophrenics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleinman, J E -- Potkin, S -- Rogol, A -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Murphy, D L -- Gillin, J C -- Nasrallah, H A -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Platelets/*enzymology ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Monoamine Oxidase/*blood ; Prolactin/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Tectorial membrane: a possible effect on frequency analysis in the cochlea (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: Mathematical analysis and computer and network simulations of the cochlea show that, given appropriate values of specific physical constants, radial shear motion between the tectorial membrane and the reticular lamina may provide the sharpening of frequency analysis observed in cochlear nerve fibers in comparison with the mechanical amplitude distribution on the basilar membrane. According to the analysis, the sharpening occurs through an interaction of the longitudinal mechanical propagation constant of the tectorial membrane with the wavelength on the basilar membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwislocki, J J -- Kletsky, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):639-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basilar Membrane/*physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/*physiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Tectorial Membrane/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Inhibition of histaminase release from human granulocytes by products of histaminase activity (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Imidazoleacetic acid, a product of the action of histaminase (E.C. 1.4.3.6) on histamine, inhibits specific release of histaminase from human peripheral blood granulocytes with an inhibition constant between 5 X 10(-9)M and 1 X 10(-8)M. Hence, modulation of enzyme release is indirectly mediated by the activity of the enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herman, J J -- Brenner, J K -- Colten, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):77-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/*blood ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Feedback ; Granulocytes/*enzymology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/*pharmacology ; Kinetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Central nervous system dysfunction due to lead exposure (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Central nervous system dysfunction was investigated in workers at a secondary lead smelter by means of performance tests. Correlations between test scores and zinc protoporphyrin levels, a biological indicator of lead toxicity, are statistically significant. This correlation should prove to be useful in current efforts to evaluate effects of lead exposure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valciukas, J A -- Lilis, R -- Fischbein, A -- Selikoff, I J -- Eisinger, J -- Blumberg, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):465-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Behavior/physiology ; Central Nervous System/*physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lead/blood ; Lead Poisoning/blood/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination/methods ; Occupational Diseases/*physiopathology ; Porphyrins/*blood ; Protoporphyrins/*blood ; Zinc/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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