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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3566-3576 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Struktur eines gegenüber Umlagerungen mit Lewis-Säuren inerten OctacycloheneicosansBei der Hydrid-Transfer-Reduktion (96 proz. Schwefelsäure in Methylcyclohexan) von trimerem Norbornadien (1) entsteht exo, exo-Octacyclo[8.8.1.13,6.112,15.0 2,9.04,8.011,18.013,17]heneicosan (4). Die aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 4 erhaltenen Bindungslängen und Bindungswinkel stimmen gut mit denen aus Kraftfeldrechnungen überein. Auch mit hochaktiven Lewis-Sauren als Katalysatoren erfolgt keine weitere Umlagerung von 4 zu stabileren C21H28- Isomeren wie z. B. 2 oder 3. Dies ungewöhnliche Verhalten wird mit der erforderlichen Bildung energetisch ungünstiger, hochgespannter Zwischenprodukte mit quartären Kohlenstoffatomen erklärt, die unter diesen Reaktionsbedingungen nicht entstehen können.
    Notes: Hydride transfer reduction (with 96% H2SO4 and methylcyclohexane) of norbornadiene trimer (1) gives exo, exo-octacyclo[8.8.1.13,6.112,15.0 2,9.04,8.011,18.013,17]heneicosane (4). The X-ray structural details of 4 and those calculated by force field methods are in excellent agreement. Further rearrangement of 4 to more stable C21H28 isomers (e.g., 2 or 3) does not take place even with highly active Lewis acid catalysts. This exceptional behavior is attributed mechanistically to energetically unfavorable “bottlenecks”, i. e., intermediates with quaternary carbons and highly strained structures lying along the rearrangement pathway, which cannot be achieved under the reaction conditions without decomposition taking place.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enzymatic oxidation of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene (diethylstilbestrol) by either mushroom tyrosinase or rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and air yields a catechol. Upon further oxidation of both compounds with periodate and condensation of the resulting o-quinones with o-phenylenediamine, phenazines are produced. The phenazines derived from the products of both the plant and animal enzyme systems are identical to the product obtained by oxidation of diethylstilbestrol with potassium nitrosodisulfonate and condensation of the o-quinone produced with o-phenylenediamine. High and low resolution mass spectra of the phenazine are consistent with its derivation from a catechol having two fewer hydrogens than diethylstilbestrol.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low resolution mass spectra of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene (diethylstilbestrol), E-[1,1,1-3H3]3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene, E-2,3-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-but-2-ene (dimethylstilbestrol), E,E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)hexa-2,4-diene (dienestrol) and 3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hexane (hexestrol) were examined as the parent compounds, their diacetates, dimethyl ethers, and bis-trimethylsilyl ethers. In addition, the mass spectra of the diethyl ether and the hexadeuteriodimethyl ether of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene were studied. Each compound gives rise to several sets of characteristic fragment ions associated with loss of alkyl groups, loss of aryl groups and rearrangements. An ion of m/e 16 (C13H9) was found in the spectra of all the compounds studied. With the aid of high resolution mass spectrometry empirical formulae were assigned to major ions of the free diphenols.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 791-799 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The usual procedure for shifting dynamic mechanical data, involving the construction of a master plot, was compared with a simpler, computer-implemented double shift procedure, which obviates the need for such a construction. Data reproducibility indicates that the double shift may successfully be shifted to frequencies greater than one decade to either side of the experimental range.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1503-1514 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Scattered data exist in the literature on the chemical reactions which occur during mechanical contact. It is our contention that these reactions occur as a direct result of the high temperatures generated at the contact interface, due to the dissipation of mechanical energy. A theoretical analysis is used to identify and rank the various sources of heat generation during repetitive impact or sliding. New data, on both filled and unfilled polymers and elastomers, supported by data from the literature, are used to show that the resultant temperature rise causes reactions at the interface; the extents of these reactions depend on the polymer structure and the magnitude of the temperature rise. Several ways of reducing the magnitude of this temperature rise are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 1916-1927 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imidazoles and 1-Imidazolamines from α-Acylamino Ketimines and α-Acylamino HydrazonesCyclization of α-acylamino ketimines or α-acylamino hydrazones 7 with PCI5, POCI3 or PPh3/C2CI6/NEt311) yields imidazoles 8, which carry an alkyl(aryl), dialkylamino, arylamino, phthalimido or phenylsulfonylamino substituent in position 1. The starting compounds 7 are easily derived from α-amino acids via α-acylamino ketones 6.
    Notes: Cyclisierung von α-Acylaminoketiminen oder α-Acylaminohydrazonen 7 mit PCI5, POCI3 oder PPh3/C2Cl6/NEt311) ergibt Imidazole 8, die in 1-Stellung einen Alkyl(Aryl)-, Dialkylamino-, Arylamino-, Phthalimido- oder Phenylsulfonylamino-Substituenten tragen. Die Ausgangsverbindungen 7 sind aus α-Aminosäuren über α-Acylaminoketone 6 leicht zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of New Biladiene-a,c Derivatives and Their Cyclization to Uroporphyrin 111,12-Decarboxyuroporphyrin 111 and Phyriaporphyrin 111 Methyl Esters 1)Fifteen different new biladiene-a,c derivatives related to the biologically interesting uroporphyrin 111, 12-decarboxyurophorphyrin III and phyriaporphyrin 111 have been synthesized by conventional methods. The key intermediates for the synthesis were the dipyrrylmethane derivatives 3a, and 3a2 as well as 3b2. Since either the benzyl or the tert-butyl ester groups linked to the a-positions of 3al and 3a2 can be selectively cleaved without affecting the methyl ester groups in the side chains, stepwise synthesis of fully unsymmetrically substituted biladiene-a,c derivatives is possible by successive condensation of the corresponding a- unsubstituted dipyrrylmethanes 3c1 and 3C2 and tripyrrenes 5a and 5 b with appropriate pyrrolaldehydes. In contrast to derivatives bearing alkyl groups as well as hydrogen or iodine atoms at the positions C-1 and C-19, which were handled as crystalline dihydrobromides, the corresponding free bases of biladiene-a,c-1,19-dicarboxylates - which occur as bilatrienes were isolated and purified by chromatography. The structures of the products obtained have been established on the basis of analytical, particularly spectroscopic data. Biladiene-a,c dihydrobromides 6a-6e were transformed by known methods into the corresponding porphyrins, which were identified with samples prepared by other authors.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe herkömmlicher Methoden sind fünfzehn Biladien-a,c-Derivate dargestellt worden, deren Substitutionsmuster denjenigen des vom biologischen Standpunkt aus interessanten Uroporphyrins 111, 12-Descarboxyuroporphyrins 111 oder Phyriaporphyrins 111 entsprechen. Die Schlüsselverbindungen für die durchgeführten Synthesen stellen die Dipyrrylmethanderivate 3a1 und 3a2 sowie 3b2 dar. Ein besonderer Vorzug der Dipyrrylmethane 3a1 und 3a2 besteht darin, daß die α-ständigen Benzyl- und tert-Butylestergruppen jeweils selektiv und unter Erhaltung der Methylestergruppen an den Seitenketten gespalten werden können. Dadurch ist die Synthese völlig unsymmetrisch substituierter Biladien-a,c-Derivate durch sukzessive Reaktion der entsprechenden a-unsubstituierten Dipyrrylmethane 3c1 und 3C2 und der Tripyrrene 5a und 5b mit geeigneten Pyrrolaldehyden möglich. Biladien-a,c-1,19-dicarbonsäureester wurden im Gegensatz zu entsprechenden Derivaten mit Alkylgruppen sowie Wasserstoff- oder Jodatomen an den Positionen C-1 und C-19, die stets als kristalline Dihydrobromide gehandhabt wurden, in die entsprechenden freien Basen, die als Bilatriene zu formulieren sind, übergeführt und als solche chromatographisch gereinigt. Die Konstitutionen der dargestellten Produkte konnten aufgrund analytischer - insbesondere spektroskopischer - Daten nachgewiesen werden. Die Derivate 6a-6e wurden mit Hilfe bekannter Methoden in die entsprechenden Porphyrine übergeführt, die mit von anderen Autoren erhaltenen Präparaten identifiziert wurden.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 580-584 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 18-Hydroxyestrone form 3-Hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatrien-20-oneThe synthesis of 3,18-Dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-on (18-Hydroxyöstron, 8) from 3-hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatriene-20-one (1a) is described.
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese von 3,18-Dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-on (18-Hydroxyöstron, 8 aus 3-Hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatrien-20-on (1a) beschrieben.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Total Chemical Synthesis of Biogenetically Important BilanesA series of bilanes related to uroporphyrinogen III or to 12-decarboxyuroporphyrinogen III has been prepared for the first time by catalytical hydrogenation of the corresponding biladiene-a,c derivatives. Some of the compounds described are, according to the mechanism proposed by A. I. Scott for the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into the vitamin B12 chromophore, possible biological precursors of the latter. The substitution pattern of the bilane 5 corresponds to that of the most probable intermediate formed during the transformation of porphobilinogen into uropophyrinogen III.
    Notes: Bilane, deren Substitutionsmuster demjenigen des Uroporphyrinogens III oder des 12-Descarboxyuroporphyrinogens III entsprechen, sind durch katalytische Hydrierung der entsprechenden Biladien-a, c-Derivate erstmalig dargestellt worden. Einige der beschriebenen Verbindungen sind von A. I. Scott als potentielle Biogenese-Vorläufer des Vitamin B12-Chromophors postuliert worden. Die Reihenfolge der Substituenten an den β-Positionen der Pyrrolringe von 5 entspricht derjenigen des Bilans, das mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit bei der Biosynthese des Uroporphyrinogens III aus Porphobilinogen intermediär gebildet wird.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 767-771 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Corrins, XII.  -  Synthesis of a Tetradehydrocorrinatoplatinum(II) BromideIn connection with our knowledge of the cytostatic effect of platinum complexes with coordinated nitrogen, platinum was inserted into the tetradehydrocorrin chromophore for the first time. Starting from the 1,19-dideoxybilatriene salt 2 which was isolated as the first representative of this class of compounds, a variant of A. W. Johnson's oxidative cyclization reaction yields 4.
    Notes: Im Zusammenhang mit der Kenntnis der cytostatischen Wirksamkeit von über Stickstoff koordinierten Platinkomplexen wurde Platin erstmals in das chromophore System der Tetradehydrocorrine eingebaut. Ausgehend von dem zum ersten Mal isolierten 1,19-Didesoxybilatrien-Salz 2 gelang die Synthese von 4 unter Abwandlung des oxidativen Ringschlusses nach A. W. Johnson.
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