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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of polystyrene in a tubular reactor: Part II (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 691-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene by azobisisobutyronitrile in a tubular reactor was made. Rigorous models were developed and verified. A diffusion model gave predictions of molecular weights and conversions that were 2% higher on the average than the experimental values. Another model, a plug flow contraction of the diffusion model, predicted molecular weights and conversions that were 6% higher on the average than the experimental values.The diffusion model showed that optimal conversions could be obtained by proper reactor operation. Tentative studies for optimal conversion with minimal molecular weight dispersion indicated the reactor should be operated at a wall temperature 5° to 10°C below that required for optimal conversion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of polystyrene in a tubular reactor: Part I (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 686-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out in a tubular reactor.The experiments performed in a 2.362-cm I.D., 6-meter long jacketed reactor showed that: (1) it was feasible for a tubular reactor to produce acceptable quality polystyrene for industrial purposes; (2) the quality of the polymer product was reproducible at any time; (3) it was technically feasible for the tubular reactor to replace the stirred-batch kettles as the preliminary stage in the polystyrene manufacturing process, and (4) radial temperature gradients were not a problem for reactor operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-Angereicherte Monomere zur NMR-Spektroskopie von Polymeren (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 50 (1976), S. 21-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods for preparation of the following partially 13C-enriched monomers have been checked: Mixture of 1-13C-2-phenylpropene, 3-13C-2-phenylpropene and 2-phenylpropene, 2-(1-13C-phenyl)propene, 2-13-C-butadiene-1,3, 1-13C-butadiene-1,3, 2-13C-methacrylonitrile, 13CN-methacrylonitrile.The degree of 13C-enrichment has been determined by 13C-satellites in the 1H-NMR spectrum and by comparison of the 13C-NMR spectra of the 13C-enriched compound and its corresponding natural abundant species.
    Notes: Ausgetestete Synthesewege für folgende partiell 13C-angereicherte Monomere werden beschrieben: Gemisch aus 1-13C-2-Phenylpropen, 3-13C-2-Phenylpropen und 2-Phenylpropen, 2-(1-13C-Phenyl)-propen, 2-13C-Butadien-1,3, 1-13C-Butadien-1,3, 2-13C-Methacrylnitril, 13CN-Methacrylnitril.Die Dotierungsgrade wurden durch die 13C-Satelliten im 1H-NMR-Spektrum sowie durch Vergleich der 13C-NMR-Spektren der Monomeren mit natürlichem und angereichertem 13C-Gehalt bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050500104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Komplexchemie niederer Schwefeloxide, II. Schwefelmonoxid und Dischwefeldioxid als Komplexliganden (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 3008-3013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Complex Chemistry of Lower Sulfur Oxides, II. Sulfur Monoxide and Disulfur Dioxide as Complex LigandsThe sulfur oxides SO and S2O2, unstable under normal conditions, can act as complex ligands in [{C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir(SO)2]Cl. The synthesis is achieved by oxidation of cis-[{(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir(S2)]Cl with sodium periodate. The complex forms two modifications, recognizable from the number of the v(SO) frequences in the i.r. spectrum. One of the modifications, containing disulfur dioxide as a ligand, was investigated by an X-ray structure analysis. trans Position of two single SO groups is supposed in the other modification. From this compound the SO molecules can be eliminated by (C6H5)3P as (C6H5)3P=O and (C6H5)3P=S with formation of [{(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir]Cl.
    Notes: Die unter Normalbedingungen instabilen Schwefeloxide SO und S2O2 können in [{C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir(SO)2]Cl als Komplexliganden auftreten. Die Synthese erfolgt durch Oxidation von cis-[{(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir(S2)]Cl mit Natriumperjodat. Der Komplex bildet zwei Modifikationen, erkennbar an der Zahl der v(SO)-Schwingungen im IR-Spektrum. Von einer Modifikation, die das Dischwefeldioxid als Liganden enthält, wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt. In der anderen Modifikation wird trans-Stellung zweier SO-Gruppen vermutet. Aus dieser Verbindung lassen sich die SO-Moleküle mittels (C6H5)3P als (C6H5)3P=O und (C6H5)3P=S unter Bildung von [{(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2}2Ir]Cl entfernen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19751080921
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyreaktionen in orientierten systemen, 6.5. Mitteilung: E. Perplies, H. Ringsdorf u. J. H. Wendorff, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 78, 921 (1974).Mizellare assoziationen in 4-vinylpyridiniumsalzlösungen (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2029-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Critical micell concentrations (cmc) of 4-vinylpyridinium or 4-ethylpyridinium salt solutions are determined from surface tension measurements and solubilisation of a dyestuff. Increase of the concentration of the gegenions decreases the cmc; at the same time, the composition of the polymerization product of the spontaneous polymerization in water also changes. Possible explanations for this are discussed.
    Notes: Kritische Mizellkonzentrationen (cmc) aus Oberflächenspannungsmessungen und durch Farbstoffsolubilisierung werden von 4-Vinylpyridinium- bzw. 4-Äthylpyridinium-Salzlösungen bestimmt. Erhöhung der Gegenionen-Konzentration erniedrigt die cmc; gleichzeitig damit ändert sich auch die Zusammensetzung der Polymerisationsprodukte der spontanen Polymerisation in Wasser. Mögliche Erklärungen hierfür werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021760711
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strukturbestimmung eines 1,4-poly(1,3-pentadien)s durch 13C-NMR-spektroskopieHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. F. Patat zu seinem 70. Geburtstag mit unseren allerbesten Wünschen gewidmet (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 2021-2030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The polymerisation of trans-1,3-pentadiene was carried out by butyllithium as an initiator in heptane at 80°C. The structure of the polymer backbone chain was determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy at 90,51 MHz.85% 1,4 und 15% 1,2 enchainment were found. The 1,4 enchainment consists of 70% trans and 30% cis configuration. 50% deviation was detected from head-to-tail polymerisation. The probability of a meso diad for head-to-tail polymerisation is m=0,5, whereas m=0,66 was observed for head-to-head polymerisation.
    Notes: Die Polymerisation des trans-1,3-Pentadiens wurde mit Butyllithium als Initiator bei 80°C in Heptan durchgeführt. Die Struktur der Polymerkette wurde durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie bei 90,51 MHz bestimmt.85% 1,4- und 15% 1,2-Verknüpfung wurden bestimmt. Die 1,4-Verknüpfung setzt sich aus 70% trans- und 30% cis-Verknüpfung zusammen. 50% Abweichung von der „Kopf-Schwanz-Verknüpfung“ wurden gefunden. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer meso-Diade beträgt in der „Kopf-Schwanz-Verknüpfung“ m=0,5, während sie für die „Kopf-Kopf-Verknüpfung“ m=0,66 beträgt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770710
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuche zur Oxydativen Addition von Thionylhalogeniden an Übergangsmetallkomplexe (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 415 (1975), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments on the Oxidative Addition of Thionylhalides to Transition Metal ComplexesThe complexes [(C6H5)3P]4Pd and [(C6H5)3P]2Ni(NO)Cl react with SOX2 to trans [(C6H5)3P]2PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) resp. to [(C6H5)3PX][NiX3] (X = Cl). Furthermore (C6H5)3PO and (C6H5)3PS are formed. In contrast SOCl2 is added oxidatively by [(C6H5)3P]2Ir(CO)Cl to the complex [(C6H5)3P]2Ir(CO)(Cl2)SOCl.
    Notes: Die Komplexe [(C6H5)3P]4Pd und [(C6H5)3P]2Ni(NO)Cl reagieren mit SOX2 zu trans-[(C6H5)3P]2PdX2 (X = Cl. Br) bzw. [(C6H5)3PX][NiX3] (X = Cl). Weiterhin bilden sich (C6H5)3PO und (C6H5)3PS. Im Gegensatz dazu wird SOCl2 durch [(C6H5)3P]2 Ir(CO)Cl oxydativ zu dem Komplex [(C6H5)3P]2 Ir(CO)(Cl2)SOCl addiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754150202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of polymers in the mass spectrometer, 7.Part 6, cf.25. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of low molecular and high polymeric sulfanilamidesDedicated to Prof. H. Mark on the occasion of his 80th birthday (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1975), S. 297-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe niedermolekularer, monomerer und polymerer Sulfanilamidderivate, die als potentiell selektive Cytostatika diskutiert werden, wurden durch kombinierte Pyrolyse-Gaschromatographie (GC)-Massenspektrometrie (MS) untersucht. Zur Ermittlung der thermischen Abbaumechanismen wurden einige der polymeren Sulfonamide auch durch direkte Pyrolyse in der Ionenquelle des Massenspektrometers abgebaut. Das Fragmentierungsverhalten der thermischen Abbauprodukte sowie der monomeren Sulfanilamide und geeigneter niedermolekularer Modellverbindungen wurde durch nieder- und hochauflösende Elektronenstoß-Massenspektrometrie und durch Felddesorptionsionisation untersucht. Es konnten strukturspezifische Bruckstücke nachgewiesen werden, die eine Differenzierung der niedermolekularen und polymeren Sulfonamide ermöglichen.Die Anwendbarkeit der Pyrolyse-GC-MS und Pyrolyse-Massenfragmentographie zum Nachweis von niedermolekularen und polymeren Sulfonamiden in vivo wird in ersten Tests geprüft.
    Notes: A number of low molecular, monomeric and polymeric sulfanilamide derivatives, which have found interest as possibly selective antitumour agents, were investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Thermal degradation mechanisms were studied using also direct polymer pyrolysis in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. Thermal degradation products as well as low molecular weight sulfanilamides and related model compounds were characterized in their fragmentation behaviour by low and high resolution electron impact and field desorption mass spectrometry. Thermal fragments of structural significance were found, and a differentiation of the low and high molecular sulfonamides could be obtained by specific fragments.First in vivo investigations have been done to prove the applicability of pyrolysis-GC-MS and pyrolysis-mass fragmentography as method for an in vivo assay of low and high molecular sulfanilamides.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.020011975121
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmakologisch aktive polymere, 9.8. Mitt.: V. Hofmann, H. Ringsdorf, G. Muacevic, Makromol. Chem. 176, 1929 (1975). Synthese und untersuchung makromolekularer derivate des 1-adamantanamins (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Two methacrylate monomers (3 and 6) containing 1-adamantylamino groups with different spacer groups were prepared. The new monomers were copolymerized with 2-methylsulfinylethyl methacrylate to yield water soluble products. The copolymers containing the 1-adamantylamino group and a model compound without adamantyl groups were tested in vitro and in vivo against influenca virus infections.
    Notes: Es wurden zwei Methacrylatmonomere (3 und 6) dargestellt, welche die 1-Adamantylamino-Gruppe mit verschiedenen Spacergruppen enthalten. Die neuen Monomeren wurden mit 2-Methylsulfinyläthylmethacrylat zu wasserlöslichen Produkten copolymerisiert. Die Copolymeren mit 1-Adamantylamino-Gruppen sowie eine Modellsubstanz ohne Adamantyl-Gruppe wurden in vitro und in vivo auf ihre Wirkung gegen InfluenzaViren untersucht.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacologically active polymers, 11Part 10: L. A. Carpino, H. Ringsdorf, H. Ritter, Makromol. Chem. 177, 1631 (1976).. Polymeric sulfonamides as potential antibacterials and carriers for antitumor agentsDedicated to Prof. Dr. W. Kern on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1791-1813 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe von Acryl-und Methacrylderivaten verschiedener Sulfanilamide (1a - I) wurde hergestellt und polymerisiert. Die Fixierung der Sulfonamide erfolgte direkt, als Acryl-und Methacrylamid, und mit Hilfe von Spacergruppen, zur Aktivierung der enzymatischen oder hydrolytischen Abspaltung des Pharmakons. Es wurden Sulfonamide mit verschiedenen pKs-Werten verwendet und die pH-abhängige Löslichkeit der entsprechenden Polymeren untersucht.Die monomeren Acryloyl- und Methacryloylsulfonamide wurden radikalisch mit AIBN homopolymerisiert. Zur Untersuchung der Körperverteilung wurde 14C hauptkettenmar- kiertes Polysulfadiazinacrylamid (2é) dargestellt. Durch Copolymerisation mit 2-Methyl-sulfinyläthylmethacrylat (5a) wurden wasserlösliche Polymere mit geringerer Toxizitäterhalten. Eventuell biologisch abbaubare Polymere mit Sulfonamidgruppen in der Hauptkette wurden durch anionische Polymerisation von Acryloyl- und Methacryloylsulfanilamid dargestellt.Die neuen Monomeren und Polymeren wurden durch Elementaranalyse, IR- und NMR-Spektroskopie, Pyrolyse-Massenspektrometrie und hydrolytischen Abbau charakterisiert.
    Notes: A number of acryl and methacryl derivatives of different sulfanilamides (1a - I) were prepared and polymerized. The fixation of the sulfonamide to the polymerizable group was carried out directly, using the acryl- and methacrylamides, and by means of spacer groups, to favour the enzymatic or hydrolytic release of the drug moiety. Selected sulfonamide types of different pKA values were used, and the pH-dependant solubility of the corresponding polymers was studied.The monomeric acryloyl and methacryloyl sulfonamides were homopolymerized radically by AIBN. For distribution studies polysulfadiazineacrylamide, 14C-labelled in the main chain (2e'), was synthesized. Copolymerization with 2-methylsulfinylethyl methacrylate (5a) yielded water soluble polymers of lower toxicity. Eventually biodegradable polymers containing sulfonamide units in the backbone were obtained by anionic polymerization of acryloyl and methacryloyl sulfanilamide.The new monomers and polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR- and NMR-spectroscopy, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and hydrolytic degradation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770614
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