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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • 1975-1979  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design, construction, and operation of some all-glass pilot-plant fermetors (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1345-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design, Construction, and operation of a 400 liter all-glass fermentor, made from industrial glass Components, is described in detail. Outline details are also given for 100 and liter vessels of similar construction. The performance of the 400 liter fermentor with a variety of organisms is discussed. Harvesting performance. Using a disk-stak centrifuge, is also described.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200904
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer optimization of reverse osmosis processing of soy whey with cellulose acetate modules (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 749-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In processing full-fat soy flour to an acid-precipitated lipid protein concentrate a byproduct whey fraction results which, because of its high biological oxygen demand, represents a serious disposal problem. Processing of food waste streams by reverse osmosis has received considerable attention because of its low theoretical energy requirement since no phase change is involved. In a previous study at this Center a mathematical model was developed for the diffusive transport of soy lipid protein concentrate whey across cellulose acetate membranes. In this study, pumping energy and power costs combined with membrane life and replacement costs were incorporated into the original model to provide a basis for optimization from an energy cost standpoint. Computer-simulated runs were compared with experimental pilot-plant runs, and the agreement between predicted and actual results was quite good. Water flux rates were in the range of 3 to 7 gal/ft2/day. Computer runs were used to optimize the processing of 100,000 gal/day of soy whey at 8000 ppm biological oxygen demand (BOD). Costs were at a minimum with a six-stage tapered flow primary reverse osmosis treatment over a porous cellulose acetate membrane, followed by a six-stage tapered flow reverse osmosis over a tighter membrane. BOD reduction was 94% at a cost of $5.45/1000 gal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water and solute transport across cellulose acetate membranes in the treatment of soybean whey by reverse osmosis (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In processing full-fat soy flour to produce an acid-precipitated lipid protein concentrate, there results a by-product whey fraction which, because of its high biological oxygen demand, represents a serious disposal problem. Processing of food waste streams by reverse osmosis has received considerable attention because of its low theoretical energy requirement, since no phase change is involved. A series of statistically designed and analyzed experiments were conducted on a pilot-plant reverse osmosis unit to study the effect of the operating parameters on solute and solvent transport in cellulose acetate membranes. Sucrose and sodium chloride solutions were tested in addition to soybean whey to relate the mixed solute system in whey to that of single-solute organic and inorganic feed solutions. Water flux was shown to have an Arrhenius dependency on temperature, and some membrane compaction was observed with the more porous membrane. Concentration polarization for sucrose and sodium chloride solutions increased linearly with water flux. Solute flux for soybean whey solutions decreased with molarity and was independent of pressure, whereas solute rejection increased with temperature and pressure and was independent of molarity. Good agreement was obtained using the derived parameters A, B, and τ for soy whey in the diffusion transport model when compared to the observed experimental values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240112
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water and solute transport across cellulose acetate membranes in the treatment of soybean whey by reverse osmosis (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1775-1775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240718
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled drug release by polymer dissolution. I. Partial esters of maleic anhydride copolymers - properties and theory (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1991-2009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of drug release from a series of partial esters of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride has been investigated. These polymers in their un-ionized forms are hydrophobic and water insoluble, but in their ionized forms they are water soluble. Polymer dissolution is pH sensitive, and different half-esters have a characteristic pH range above which they are soluble and below which they are insoluble. When films are placed in buffered media, they erode at a constant rate that depends on the pH of dissolution of the polymer and on the pH of the buffered medium. Dissolution of the polymer is limited to the polymer-buffer medium interface, and drugs dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the polymer are released by zero-order kinetics. A detailed model has been developed that successfully correlates dissolution behavior and various experimental parameters.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220720
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the locus of failure of structural adhesive joints (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 2375-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The techniques of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the locus of failure of epoxy resin joints. The effects of a long water immersion and the application of a silane-based primer have also been studied. Results indicated that for dry joints fracture occurred near an epoxy resin/metal interface while with water-soaked unprimed joints, fracture occurred interfacially between the adhesive and iron oxide. The application of the primer to the metal surface prior to bonding prevented the formation of a water-formed oxide although fracture was then found to occur through the primer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopic studies on polyethylene, 1. The measurement of low levels of chain branching (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Probleme, die bei Anwendung der Kompensationsmethode auf IR-spektroskopische Bestimmungen von niedrigen Verzweigungsgraden in Polyäthylenen hoher Dichte auftreten, werden systematisch untersucht. Die erzielbare Genauigkeit wird bestimmt und es wird gezeigt, daß, wenn möglich, eine Korrektur für die Methyl-Endgruppen angewendet werden sollte. Diese ist bei einigen Polymertypen leicht möglich, bei anderen hingegen schwieriger. Als Kompensationskeil im Referenzstrahl des Spektrometers verwendet man besser Polymethylen als hochmolekulares Polyäthylen. Die äußerste Empfindlichkeit, die mit der manuellen Kompensationsmethode erreicht werden kann, liegt bei einem Methylzweig pro 2000 C-Atome. Wenn diese Methode jedoch ergänzt wird durch Computer-Kurvendämpfung und Computer Mittelung über zahlreiche Momentspektren (“C.A.T.”), kann noch eine deutliche Verbesserung im Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis erzielt werden. Damit wird es möglich noch Verzweigungsgrade bis herunter zu 0,1 Methylgruppen pro 1000 C-Atome zu messen.
    Notes: The problems encountered in the infrared spectroscopic estimation of the low levels of chain branching present in high density polyethylene, using the compensation method, are discussed systematically. The precision to be expected has been determined and it is shown that, if possible, a correction should be applied for methyl groups present at the chain ends. This is feasible with some types of polymer but more difficult with others. The compensating wedge in the reference beam of the spectrometer should be made of polymethylene rather than a high molecular weight polyethylene. The ultimate sensitivity of the manual compensation method is about one methyl branch per two thousand carbon atoms. However, when this is supplemented by computer smoothing and off-line computation of average transients (C.A.T.), a significant improvement is obtained in the signal to noise ratio, and branching levels down to 0,1 methyl groups per thousand carbon atoms are readily measured.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopic studies on polyethylene, 5Part 4: cf.1.. The measurement of chain branching on powder polyethylene specimens (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 975-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The scope and limitations of the potassium bromide disc technique for the infra-red determination of chain branching in small samples of polyethylene in powder form have been assessed. Many of the samples encountered have an average particle size, prior to grinding with potassium bromide, of about 100 μm and very satisfactory results have been obtained, but the presence of larger particles leads to poor quality discs and inferior results. The well established double beam technique proves suitable for removing the interfering methylene absorption and compensation with polymethylene in the form of a film rather than as a pressed disc is preferable. Difficulties were encountered in preparing branching standards in a uniform and fine powder form, to avoid variation of the absorption coefficient of the 1 378 cm-1 methyl band with particle size. Such powders are best obtained by precipitation from solution rather than by low temperature milling. Despite these problems chain branching measurements may be made with a precision of between 5 and 10% and an accuracy of about 15%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition by protease inhibitors of binding of adrenal and sex steroid hormones (1978)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 9 (1978), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: aldosterone ; dexamethasone ; dihydrotestosterone ; estrogen ; progesterone ; steroid hormone receptor ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Binding of steroid hormones is inhibited by protease inhibitors and substrates. The protease inhibitors phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride, tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and tosylamide-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone and the protease substrates tosyl arginine methyl ester and tryptophan methyl ester eliminate specific binding of aldosterone, dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, estrogen, and progesterone to their respective receptors. These protease inhibitors and substrates also inhibit binding of progesterone to the 20,000 molecular weight mero-receptor formed from the progesterone receptor in chick oviduct. The binding of estradiol to rat alpha-fetoprotein is inhibited by the protease inhibitors and substrates but not by tryptophan or tryptophan amide, indicating the importance of an ester structure in the inhibition of steroid binding. Our results suggest that all steroid hormone receptors have a site with both common structural features and a role in the regulation of steroid hormone binding.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400090312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of thrombin-stimulated cell division (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cell surface receptors ; proteolysis of receptors ; positive or negative regulation ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Addition of highly purified thrombin t o cultures of several kinds of nondividing fibroblasts brings about cell division. This stimulation occurs in serum-free medium, permitting studies on its mechanism under chemically defined conditions. Previous studies have shown that action of thrombin a t the cell surface is sufficient to cause cell division and that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is required for its mitogenic effect. These results prompted experiments which showed that there is a cell surface receptor for thrombin and that thrombin must hind to its receptor and cleave it to stimulate cell division. Some of the thrombin that hinds to its receptors becomes attached to them by a linkage that appears to be covalent. However, it is presently unknown whether this direct thrombin receptor complex plays a role in the stimulation.These results raise a number of question that should be explored in future studies. They also provide a foundation on which to build hypotheses about tentative molecular mechanisms that might be involved in the stimulation. Knowledge that thrombin must cleave its receptor to bring about cell division suggests two alternative mechanisms for stimulation by proteolysis. In one the receptor is a negative effector which prevents cell division when it is intact, but not after it has been cleaved. Alternatively, a fragment of the receptor could be a positive effector. In this mechanism, proteolysis by thrombin would produce a specific receptor fragment which brings about cell proliferation. If every protease which cleaves the receptor also stimulates cell division, the receptor is probably a negative effector. In contrast, if certain proteases cleave the receptor but do not stimulate the cells, a fragment of the receptor is likely a positive effector. With negative regulation by the receptor, the controlling events would occur before proteolysis of it, and it might be possible to find putative regulatory molecules by identification of nearest neighbors of the receptor. This should be possible by using bifunctional crosslinking reagents. If a fragment of the thrombin receptor turns out to be a positive effector, it should be possible to identify and study fragments by analyzing the metabolic fate of the receptor. Techniques are now available for this kind of analysis and it should also be possible to determine whether receptor fragments remain in the membrane or whether they are translocated to specific sites within the cell. A critical question to be asked is which of these events and interactions involving the thrombin receptor are necessary for stimulation of cell division. It now appears that the best way to answer this question is to examine these events in a large number of cloned cell populations that are responsive or unresponsive to the mitogenic action of thrombin. If a thrombin-mediated event occurs in all responsive clones but is altered or absent in sonie unresponsive clones, it is probably necessary for stimulation of cell division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110215
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