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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 33 (1979), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some of the factors which influence the development of tension in cat tenuissimus muscle were studied quantitatively. Under isometric conditions, it was shown that the dynamic properties of the relationship between the tension of the muscle and its electrical stimulation depend on the mean rate of stimulation. This non-linear effect cannot be explained on the basis of the dependence of muscle tension on instantaneous rate of stimulation since the tension due to a stimulus following closely a previous stimulus is augmented, but the time course of the twitch response is unaltered. The interaction between the tension due to active contraction and that due to the viscoelastic properties of the muscle was investigated by independently varying muscle length and the rate of stimulation. Within the limits of resolution of the data, it was concluded that these two components of tension are additive and that muscle stiffness is related to the instantaneous tension of the muscle.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; Lactate Metabolism ; Synechococcus ; Aphanocapsa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract NAD-linked lactate dehydrogenases specific for the d- and l-lactate have been demonstrated in a number of strains of unicellular cyanobacteria. The d-lactate dehydrogenase of one strain (Synechococcus 6716) was partially purified and its properties were studied. The enzyme has a molecular weight of ca. 115000–120000, is highly specific, autooxidizable, and susceptible to inhibition by iodoacetamide, oxamate and ATP. The possible physiological functions of the enzyme in the metabolism of the organism were investigated. d-lactate carbon was incorporated in cell material during photosynthetic growth with CO2, but lactate was not used as sole source of carbon for photosynthetic or chemosynthetic development. d-lactate and pyruvate were oxidized aerobically in the dark by resting cell suspensions with the assimilation mainly of the the C3 and C3 carbon atoms. In the oxidation of lactate, acetate was excreted into the medium. No fermentation of glucose was found, but a small amount of d-lactate was detected as a product of endogenous dark metabolism of the cell. All enzymes required for the production of lactate from glucose and from glycogen were found in exponentially growing cells, but the activity of some key enzymes was low or undetectable in old cultures.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefoxitin ; renal impairment ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin have been determined after a single i.v. injection of 15 mg/kg body weight in 10 patients with normal renal function and 20 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. The kinetics of the antibiotic followed an open two-compartment model. In patients with normal renal function the following pharmacokinetic parameters were found: $$\begin{gathered} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\alpha = 8.66 h^{ - 1} } & {\beta = 1.21 h^{ - 1} } & {K_{12} = 3.47 h^{ - 1} } \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {K_{21} = 3.17 h^{ - 1} } & {K_{13} = 3.15 h^{ - 1} } & {V_c = 4.24 l.} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {V_p = 4.87 l.} & { Vd_{ss} = 9.11 l.} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ In the patients with renal impairment there was a significant decrease in $$\mathop \alpha \limits_, \mathop \beta \limits_, $$ K12, K21 and K13, and an increase in the apparent volume of distribution. The degree of plasma protein binding in patients with normal renal function was 73.6% and this was diminished in patients with renal impairment. A linear relationship between K13 of cefoxitin and creatinine clearance was demonstrated. The dosage regimen for patients with renal impairment should be adjusted by modifying the dosage interval whilst maintaining the amount administered.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nicotinic acid administration, which depletes liver glycogen, leads to an increase of both pyruvate kinase L and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in liver by a factor of nearly two. The former is not prevented by either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. L-Cysteine, an allosteric inhibitor of pyruvate kinase L, favors gluconeogenesis from lactate in both nicotinic acid treated and starved animals.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 40 (1978), S. 377-385 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the effect of harvesting a fraction of a population where the population growth is modelled by a linear age-dependent model, the Von Foerster equation. Two harvesting strategies are considered: the first is where a fraction of the population greater than agec is removed, and the second is where a fraction of the population of age greater thanc but less thanc+n is removed. In the case where the death rate and fertility rate are time independent, the effect of harvesting on the stable age distribution is examined.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 66 (1977), S. 120-146 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Lower and Upper Toluca Pumice Formations are dacitic airfall deposits that were erupted about 24,500 yr BP and 11,600 yr BP respectively. The Lower Toluca Pumice covers about 400 km2, with a volume of 0.33 km3 (dense rock equivalent 0.16 km3) within the 10 cm isopach, and has a northeast-trending dispersal fan. The Upper Toluca Pumice covers more than 2,000 km2, has a volume of 2.3 km3 within the 40 cm isopach, and an estimated total volume of 3.5 km3 (dense rock equivalent 1.54 km3). Its symmetrical dispersal fan trends N 65° E. The Inman parameters, median diameter (Mdϕ) and deviation (σϕ), together with the fragmentation indices, derived from granulometric studies of samples from 23 pumice sections, show that both eruptions were of Pliniantype. The particle-size distribution, compared with a simple mathematical model of a Plinian eruption, provides an approximate indication of the eruptive conditions during the deposition of the coarsest part of the Lower Member of the Upper Toluca Pumice. Computations give a muzzle velocity of 500 m/sec from a circular vent 260 m in diameter, a mean horizontal windspeed of 16.2 m/sec and an eruptive cloud 40 km high, with a maximum rate of release of kinetic energy of 6 × 1019 erg/sec. The younger eruption released about ten times more kinetic energy than the older.
    Abstract: Résumé Les formations inférieures et supérieures de Ponce de Toluca sont des dépôts dacitiques d'origine aérienne, qui ont été émis il y a environ 24,500 ans AP et 11,600 ans AP respectivement. Le »Lower Toluca Pumice«, qui couvre environ 400 km2, avec un volume de 0.33 km3 (équivalent à 0.16 km3 de roche compacte) dans I'isopaque de Pumice«, couvre plus de 2000 km2, a un volume de 2.3 km3 dans l'isopaque de 40 cm, et un volume global estimé à 3.5 km3 (équivalent à 1.54 km3 de roche compacte). Son éventail symétrique de dispersion est dirigé vers N 65° E. Les paramètres Inman, le diamètre médian (Mdϕ) et la déviation (σϕ), comme aussi les indices de fragmentation tirés des études granulométriques d'échantillons de 23 profils de ponce, montrent que ces deux éruptions étaient du type plinien. La distribution granulométrique des particules comparée à un modèle mathématique simple d'une éruption plinienne, fournit une indication approximative des conditions d'éruption pendant le dépôt de la fraction la plus grossière du membre inférieur du »Upper Toluca Pumice«. Des calculs donnent une vitesse initiale de 500 m/sec à partir d'un évent circulaire de 260 m de diamètre, une vitesse horizontale de vent de 16.2 m/sec et une nuée éruptive de 40 km de hauteur, avec une degré maximum de libération d'énergie cinétique de 6 × 1019 erg/sec. L'éruption plus récente a libéré environ dix fois plus d'énergie cinétique que l'éruption plus ancienne.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Unteren und die Oberen Bimssteine des Toluca sind dacitische air fall-Ablagerungen, die vor etwa 24 500 bzw. 11 600 Jahren gefördert wurden. Der „Lower Toluca Pumice“ bedeckt ungefähr 400 km2 und hat ein Volumen von rund 0,33 km3 (porenfrei gerechnet von 0,16 km3). Nach der 10-cm-Mächtigkeitskurve zeigt er einen nordostgerichteten Verbreitungsfächer. Der „Upper Toluca Pumice“ bedeckt mehr als 2000 km2; sein Volumen beträgt rund 2,3 km3, wenn man die 40-cm-Mächtigkeitskurve zugrundelegt. Das Gesamtvolumen dürfte bei 3,5 km3 (porenfrei gerechnet bei 1,54 km3) liegen. Sein symmetrischer Verbreitungsfächer hat die Richtung N 65° E. Die INMAN-Parameter, Median (Mdϕ) und Sortierung (σϕ), zusammen mit dem Zerkleinerungs-Index von granulometrischen Analysen aus 23 Bimssteinprofilen zeigen, daß beide Ausbrüche dem plinianischen Typ zuzuordnen sind. Die Korngrößen-Verteilung, verglichen mit einem einfachen mathematischen Modell, gibt einen annähernden Hinweis auf den Ausbruchsverlauf während der Ablagerung der gröbsten Anteile des unteren Teils der „Upper Toluca Pumice“-Serie. Nach Berechnungen ergibt sich eine Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Eruption von 500 m/sek aus einem annähernd runden Schlot mit einem Durchmesser von 260 m, sowie eine horizontale Durchschnittswindgeschwindigkeit von 16,2 m/sek und eine Höhe der Eruptionswolke von 40 km. Die freigewordene kinetische Energie betrug rund 6 X 1019 erg/sek. Die jüngere Eruption dagegen hatte zehnmal mehr kinetische Energie als die ältere.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trois espèces de parasites de l'aleurode des citrus,Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, élevées en laboratoire, ont été lâchées à Fort Lauderdale, Floride, en 1976 à la suite de la découverte de ce ravageur des citrus dans des propriétés résidentielles.Amitus hesperidum Silv. etProspaltella opulenta Silv. ont été retrouvés 6 semaines après leur lâcher et une augmentation rapide du taux de parasitisme a été observée au cours de la saison. Sept mois après le premier lâcher, on observait 100% de parasitisme des nymphes de l'aleurode dans certains points de lâcher et 95% des sites de lâchers se révélaient renfermer le parasite. Au bout d'un an on notait des taux de parasitisme significatif sur une vaste surface. L'établissement rapide et l'extension de ces parasites montrent que les conditions du milieu et de l'hôte à Fort Lauderdale sont favorables à ces espèces et que celles-ci peuvent être d'efficaces agents de lutte biologique contre l'aleurode des citrus.
    Notes: Abstract Three species of laboratory-reared parasites of citrus blackfly,Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, were released at Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1976 following discovery of this citrus pest in residential properties there.Amitus hesperidum Silv. andProspaltella opulenta Silv. were recovered 6 weeks after release and sharp increases in the rate of parasitism were observed throughout the season. Seven months after the initial release, 100% parasitism of citrus blackfly pupae was observed at some release sites, and 95% of the original release sites were found positive for the parasite. Observations after 1 year showed significant levels of parasitism over a large area. The rapid establishment and increase of these parasite species indicate that environmental conditions and the host at Fort Lauderdale are suitable for these species and that they may well provide control of the pest.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1067-1069 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dosages of either 1 or 2 mg daily of 16β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, given to mononephretomized, salt-loaded female rats, had no detectable effect upon saline consumption, blood pressure, kallikrein excretion or heart and kidney weight. Its alleged mineralocorticoid properties, as judged by these criteria, were not demonstrable.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 650-652 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity has been found in synovial fluid obtained from human knees. The enzyme activity was about 5% of the activity found in the serum of the same control patients. DBH activity in synovial fluid of patients suffering osteoarthritis was 3 times higher.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 10 (1977), S. 351-356 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une nouvelle expression pour la relaxation isotherme, qui a été précédemment déduite, a été judicieusement modifiée pour étudier l’influence d’un cycle d’étuvage sur la perte de contrainte des éléments en béton précontraint par fil adhérent. Une nouvelle méthode pour le calcul des pertes de contrainte est ainsi proposée. La méthode tient compte aussi de l’influence sur la relaxation du relâchement de l’acier pendant le chauffage «loosening» et du raccourcissement élastique du béton quand on libère la force de précontrainte. La théorie a donné lieu à deux séries d’essais afin de prédire la relaxation. Les deux paramètres empiriques de la théorie ont été déterminés au moyen d’un essai de relaxation isotherme pour la première série et d’un essai de traction pour la seconde. Les valeurs de la relaxation pendant et après étuvage, que prédit la théorie, concordent avec les résultats. D’après la théorie également, une stabilisation complète doit intervenir après l’étuvage dans des délais qui dépendent de sa température et de sa durée, en accord avec le résultat des essais. En outre, pour de plus longues périodes la théorie prévoit une augmentation des valeurs de relaxation. Malheureusement, ces valeurs ne peuvent être vérifiées en l’absence de résultats expérimentaux.
    Notes: Abstract A new equation for isothermal relaxation of stress-relieved steel previously derived, has been modified to study stress losses in prestressed elements due to steam curing of concrete. A calculation method is proposed, which takes into account the effect of loosening during heating and of releasing of the prestressing force. The theory predicts a complete stress stabilization after steam curing up to times depending on temperature and duration of the steam curing. Furthermore, for longer periods the theory predicts an increase of the relaxation values. Tests performed show an excellent agreement between theory and experimental results.
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